The article presents the design of four plus energy neighbourhood demonstration projects located in different climate zones in Europe. The demo projects are a part of the Horizon 2020 project ‘syn.ikia’, which aims to enable the development of sustainable plus energy neighbourhoods in different climates and contexts. In this article, we describe the active and passive building strategies and analyse the robustness of the designs with respect to different scenarios of climate change, user behaviour, and energy flexibility. Analyses were performed based on the primary energy balance, including space heating and cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water, and lighting.

The performance predictions indicate that all demonstration projects may attain the plus energy balance according to the syn.ikia definition. This was achieved with high performing envelopes, efficient HVAC systems, and onsite renewable energy systems to cover the energy demand. The analysis shows that there is a significant potential for increased self-consumption of photovoltaic energy by adjusting the heating schedules and including electric vehicle charging. Testing of the designs with respect to varying climates and user-behaviours showed that there could be an increased risk of overheating, and that some of the designs may not achieve the positive energy balance in case of ‘worst case’ user behaviour scenarios.

本文介绍了位于欧洲不同气候区的四个 plus 能源社区示范项目的设计。演示项目是 Horizo​​n 2020 项目“syn.ikia”的一部分，该项目旨在促进在不同气候和背景下发展可持续能源社区。在本文中，我们描述了主动和被动建筑策略，并分析了设计在气候变化、用户行为和能源灵活性等不同情景下的稳健性。分析是根据主要能源平衡进行的，包括空间供暖和制冷、通风、生活热水和照明。

性能预测表明，所有示范项目都可以根据 syn.ikia 的定义达到正能量平衡。这是通过高性能外壳、高效 HVAC 系统和现场可再生能源系统来满足能源需求的。分析表明，通过调整供暖计划和包括电动汽车充电，光伏能源的自我消耗有很大的潜力。针对不同气候和用户行为对设计进行的测试表明，过热风险可能会增加，并且在“最坏情况”用户行为场景的情况下，某些设计可能无法实现正能量平衡。