Summary: Diet and exercise are modifiable lifestyle factors known to have a major influence on metabolism. Clinical practice addresses diseases of altered metabolism such as diabetes or hypertension by altering these factors. Despite enormous public interest, there are limited defined diet and exercise regimens for patients with cancer. Nevertheless, the molecular basis of cancer has converged over the past 15 years on an essential role for altered metabolism in cancer. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the impact of diet and exercise on cancer metabolism is in its very early stages. In this perspective, I propose conceptual frameworks for understanding the consequences of diet and exercise on cancer cell metabolism and tumor biology and also highlight recent developments. By advancing our mechanistic understanding, I will discuss actionable ways that such interventions could eventually reach the mainstay of both medical oncology and cancer control and prevention.

中文翻译：

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癌症代谢中的饮食和运动

摘要：饮食和运动是可改变的生活方式因素，已知对新陈代谢有重大影响。临床实践通过改变这些因素来解决代谢改变的疾病，例如糖尿病或高血压。尽管公众兴趣浓厚，但针对癌症患者的明确饮食和运动方案仍然有限。然而，在过去 15 年里，癌症的分子基础已经趋于一致，认为代谢改变在癌症中起着重要作用。然而，我们对饮食和运动对癌症代谢影响的分子机制的理解还处于非常早期的阶段。从这个角度来看，我提出了概念框架来理解饮食和运动对癌细胞代谢和肿瘤生物学的影响，并强调了最新进展。