Geographical similarity and differences in the burden and genetic predisposition of NAFLD,Hepatology

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Geographical similarity and differences in the burden and genetic predisposition of NAFLD
Hepatology ( IF 12.9 ) Pub Date : 2022-09-05 , DOI: 10.1002/hep.32774
Terry Cheuk-Fung Yip _{1,

2} , Eduardo Vilar-Gomez ₃ , Salvatore Petta ₄ , Yusuf Yilmaz _{5,

6} , Grace Lai-Hung Wong _{1,

2} , Leon A Adams _{7,

8} , Victor de Lédinghen _{9,

10} , Silvia Sookoian _{11,

12} , Vincent Wai-Sun Wong _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Medical Data Analytics Center, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong.
State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong.
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine , Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis , Indiana , USA.
Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dipartimento Di Promozione Della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica Di Eccellenza (PROMISE) , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy.
Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine , Recep Tayyip Erdogan University , Rize , Turkey.
Liver Research Unit , Institute of Gastroenterology , Marmara University , Istanbul , Turkey.
Department of Hepatology , Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital , Perth , Australia.
Medical School , University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia.
Hepatology Unit , Hôpital Haut Lévêque, Bordeaux University Hospital , Bordeaux , France.
INSERM U1312 , Bordeaux University , Bordeaux , France.
School of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research A Lanari , University of Buenos Aires , Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires , Argentina.
Department of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, Institute of Medical Research (IDIM) , National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), University of Buenos Aires , Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires , Argentina.

NAFLD has become a major public health problem for more than 2 decades with a growing prevalence in parallel with the epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The disease burden of NAFLD differs across geographical regions and ethnicities. Variations in prevalence of metabolic diseases, extent of urban–rural divide, dietary habits, lifestyles, and the prevalence of NAFLD risk and protective alleles can contribute to such differences. The rise in NAFLD has led to a remarkable increase in the number of cases of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatic decompensation, and liver-related mortality related to NAFLD. Moreover, NAFLD is associated with multiple extrahepatic manifestations. Most of them are risk factors for the progression of liver fibrosis and thus worsen the prognosis of NAFLD. All these comorbidities and complications affect the quality of life in subjects with NAFLD. Given the huge and growing size of the population with NAFLD, it is expected that patients, healthcare systems, and the economy will suffer from the ongoing burden related to NAFLD. In this review, we examine the disease burden of NAFLD across geographical areas and ethnicities, together with the distribution of some well-known genetic variants for NAFLD. We also describe some special populations including patients with T2D, lean patients, the pediatric population, and patients with concomitant liver diseases. We discuss extrahepatic outcomes, patient-reported outcomes, and economic burden related to NAFLD.

中文翻译：

NAFLD 负担和遗传易感性的地理相似性和差异

二十多年来，NAFLD 已成为一个主要的公共卫生问题，随着肥胖和 2 型糖尿病 (T2D) 的流行，NAFLD 的患病率不断上升。NAFLD 的疾病负担因地理区域和种族而异。代谢疾病患病率、城乡差异程度、饮食习惯、生活方式以及 NAFLD 风险和保护性等位基因患病率的差异可能导致这种差异。NAFLD 的增加导致肝硬化、肝细胞癌、肝功能失代偿和与 NAFLD 相关的肝脏相关死亡率显着增加。此外，NAFLD 与多种肝外表现有关。其中大部分是肝纤维化进展的危险因素，从而恶化 NAFLD 的预后。所有这些合并症和并发症都会影响 NAFLD 患者的生活质量。鉴于患有 NAFLD 的人口规模庞大且不断增长，预计患者、医疗保健系统和经济将承受与 NAFLD 相关的持续负担。在这篇综述中，我们检查了 NAFLD 跨地理区域和种族的疾病负担，以及一些众所周知的 NAFLD 遗传变异的分布。我们还描述了一些特殊人群，包括 T2D 患者、瘦型患者、儿科人群和伴有肝病的患者。我们讨论了与 NAFLD 相关的肝外结局、患者报告的结局和经济负担。医疗保健系统和经济将承受与 NAFLD 相关的持续负担。在这篇综述中，我们检查了 NAFLD 跨地理区域和种族的疾病负担，以及一些众所周知的 NAFLD 遗传变异的分布。我们还描述了一些特殊人群，包括 T2D 患者、瘦型患者、儿科人群和伴有肝病的患者。我们讨论了与 NAFLD 相关的肝外结局、患者报告的结局和经济负担。医疗保健系统和经济将承受与 NAFLD 相关的持续负担。在这篇综述中，我们检查了 NAFLD 跨地理区域和种族的疾病负担，以及一些众所周知的 NAFLD 遗传变异的分布。我们还描述了一些特殊人群，包括 T2D 患者、瘦型患者、儿科人群和伴有肝病的患者。我们讨论了与 NAFLD 相关的肝外结局、患者报告的结局和经济负担。儿科人群和伴有肝病的患者。我们讨论了与 NAFLD 相关的肝外结局、患者报告的结局和经济负担。儿科人群和伴有肝病的患者。我们讨论了与 NAFLD 相关的肝外结局、患者报告的结局和经济负担。

更新日期：2022-09-05

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