The mobile paradigm has played a fundamental role in memory development research. One key characteristic of the mobile paradigm literature is that across decades, researchers have faithfully followed a particular methodological protocol with its own unique definitions of learning and memory. To investigate the extent to which these methodological choices affected the results, the literature (77 publications and 505 statistical tests) was evaluated for four frequently encountered research biases. The results suggested that research using the paradigm was conducted with scientific rigor. However, methodological choices along with unique operational definitions of learning and memory accounted for more than half of the findings. Thus, the literature has been contaminated by methodological artifacts due to the opportunistic use of researcher degrees of freedom.

中文翻译：

---

移动范式文献中的方法完整性评估：理解心理学中研究者自由度的机会主义使用的教训


移动范式在内存开发研究中发挥了基础性作用。移动范式文献的一个关键特征是，几十年来，研究人员一直忠实地遵循特定的方法论协议，并对其学习和记忆有自己独特的定义。为了调查这些方法选择对结果的影响程度，对文献（77 篇出版物和 505 项统计测试）进行了评估，以找出四种常见的研究偏差。结果表明，使用该范式的研究是以科学严谨的方式进行的。然而，方法选择以及学习和记忆的独特操作定义占了一半以上的发现。因此，由于机会主义地使用研究人员的自由度，文献受到了方法论假象的污染。