Amino acids and their derivatives function as building blocks as well as signaling molecules to modulate various cellular processes in living organisms. In mice, amino acids accumulate in demyelinated lesions and return to basal levels during remyelination. Studies have found that amino acids and their metabolites modulate immune activity in the central nervous system (CNS) and influence oligodendrocyte differentiation and remyelination efficiency. In this review, we discuss current studies on amino acid metabolism in the context of CNS remyelination. By understanding the mechanisms of amino acid signaling and metabolism in demyelinated lesions, we may deepen our understanding of compartmentalized CNS inflammation in demyelinating disease like multiple sclerosis (MS) and provide evidence to develop novel pharmacological therapies targeting amino acid metabolism to prevent disease worsening.

氨基酸及其衍生物作为构建模块和信号分子来调节生物体中的各种细胞过程。在小鼠中，氨基酸在脱髓鞘病变中积累，并在髓鞘再生过程中恢复到基础水平。研究发现，氨基酸及其代谢物可调节中枢神经系统（CNS）的免疫活性，并影响少突胶质细胞的分化和髓鞘再生效率。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了中枢神经系统髓鞘再生背景下氨基酸代谢的最新研究。通过了解脱髓鞘病变中氨基酸信号传导和代谢的机制，我们可以加深对多发性硬化症等脱髓鞘疾病中中枢神经系统炎症的理解，并为开发针对氨基酸代谢的新型药物疗法以防止疾病恶化提供证据。