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Recycling of lithium, cobalt, nickel, and manganese from end-of-life lithium-ion battery of an electric vehicle using supercritical carbon dioxide
Resources, Conservation and Recycling ( IF 13.2 ) Pub Date : 2022-09-05 , DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106628
Jiakai Zhang, Gisele Azimi

The widespread utilization of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) will lead to multimillion tons of end-of-life LIBs. The batteries comprise high content of valuable metals including lithium, cobalt, nickel, and manganese; hence, their recycling is imperative. This study develops a supercritical fluid extraction process using supercritical CO2 solvent with tributyl phosphate–nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide adduct to recover the four metals from the LIBs of electric vehicles. A full factorial design of experiment is utilized to determine the effect of temperature, pressure and adduct to solid ratio on the extraction. The extraction is optimized using empirical models, leading to 90% metal extraction. The addition of hydrogen peroxide improves the extraction by reducing metals to more soluble forms in supercritical CO2. A systematic investigation is performed to elucidate the process mechanism. The developed process can help management of end-of-life LIBs, conserve of natural resources, and promote the circular economy.



中文翻译:

使用超临界二氧化碳从电动汽车报废锂离子电池中回收锂、钴、镍和锰

锂离子电池 (LIB) 的广泛使用将导致数百万吨的 LIB 报废。这些电池含有高含量的有价金属,包括锂、钴、镍和锰;因此,它们的回收势在必行。本研究开发了一种超临界流体萃取工艺,使用超临界 CO 2溶剂与磷酸三丁酯-硝酸和过氧化氢加合物从电动汽车的锂离子电池中回收四种金属。实验的全因子设计用于确定温度、压力和加合物与固体的比例对萃取的影响。使用经验模型优化提取,导致 90% 的金属提取。添加过氧化氢通过将金属还原为在超临界 CO 2中更易溶解的形式来改进萃取。进行系统调查以阐明过程机制。开发的流程可以帮助管理报废锂电池,保护自然资源,促进循环经济。

更新日期:2022-09-05
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