Y-chromosome, as a gender-determined biological marker, is inherited only between fathers and sons. The Y-chromosome short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) play an essential role in paternity lineage tracing as well as sexual assault cases. The Microreader Group Y Direct ID System as a six-dye multiplex amplification kit, including 53 Y-STR and one Y-Indel locus, would improve performance and aid in obtaining more information through a greater number of loci with high polymorphism. In the present study, to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the kit, developmental validation was conducted by investigating sensitivity, species specificity, PCR inhibition, male–male and male–female mixtures, and reproducibility. The kit was tested using 311 male samples from Han and Qiang populations in Sichuan Province. The results showed that this kit had fairly high power for forensic discrimination (Han: haplotype diversity [HD] = 1, Qiang: HD = 0.999944). Additionally, 44 confirmed father–son pairs were also genotyped, among which 69 distinct haplotypes could be obtained. These father–son pairs cannot be distinguished by commonly used Y-STR panels, indicating that adding these extra Y-STRs to a single panel can achieve better discrimination performance. Collectively, the Microreader Group Y Direct ID System is robust and informative for forensic applications.

中文翻译：

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Microreader Y 组直接 ID 系统的开发验证：一种用于法医应用的具有 54 个 Y 染色体位点的新型六染料分型系统

Y染色体作为决定性别的生物标志物，只在父子之间遗传。Y 染色体短串联重复序列 (Y-STR) 在亲子关系追踪和性侵犯案件中发挥着重要作用。Microreader Group Y Direct ID System 作为六染料多重扩增试剂盒，包括 53 个 Y-STR 和一个 Y-Indel 基因座，将提高性能并有助于通过更多具有高多态性的基因座获取更多信息。在本研究中，为了验证试剂盒的准确性和效率，通过调查灵敏度、物种特异性、PCR 抑制、男性-男性和男性-女性混合物以及再现性进行了开发验证。该试剂盒使用来自四川省汉族和羌族人群的 311 名男性样本进行了测试。结果表明，该试剂盒具有较高的法医鉴别能力（汉族：单倍型多样性[HD] = 1，羌族：HD = 0.999944）。此外，还对44对已确认的父子进行了基因分型，其中可获得69个不同的单倍型。这些父子对无法通过常用的 Y-STR 面板区分，表明将这些额外的 Y-STR 添加到单个面板中可以获得更好的区分性能。总的来说，Microreader Group Y 直接 ID 系统对于法医应用来说是强大且信息丰富的。表明将这些额外的 Y-STR 添加到单个面板中可以获得更好的辨别性能。总的来说，Microreader Group Y 直接 ID 系统对于法医应用来说是强大且信息丰富的。表明将这些额外的 Y-STR 添加到单个面板中可以获得更好的辨别性能。总的来说，Microreader Group Y 直接 ID 系统对于法医应用来说是强大且信息丰富的。