Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by recurrent abdominal pain and an altered defecation pattern. Depending on the criteria used, it affects between 5 and 10% of the general population and has a serious impact on quality of life. Most patients with IBS show an induction or exacerbation of their symptoms, particularly abdominal pain, after eating certain foods. This raises the question of the role played by food in IBS pathophysiology. In this review, we describe the multiple risk factors of IBS, and we give an overview of the role of food as a trigger of IBS, distinguishing between immune and non-immune reactions to food. We finally highlight recent findings identifying an immune-mediated mechanism underlying food-induced abdominal pain in IBS.

肠易激综合征 (IBS) 是一种慢性功能性胃肠道疾病，以反复腹痛和排便方式改变为特征。根据所使用的标准，它会影响 5% 到 10% 的普通人群，并对生活质量产生严重影响。大多数 IBS 患者在进食某些食物后会出现症状的诱发或恶化，尤其是腹痛。这就提出了食物在 IBS 病理生理学中所起的作用的问题。在这篇综述中，我们描述了 IBS 的多种风险因素，并概述了食物作为 IBS 触发因素的作用，区分了对食物的免疫反应和非免疫反应。我们最后强调了最近的发现，这些发现确定了 IBS 中食物引起的腹痛的免疫介导机制。