全球都需要通过将胰岛素注射到皮下组织(皮下脂肪层)来治疗糖尿病患者,但这可能会给患者带来疼痛或不适。为了避免这些问题,通过透皮贴剂递送胰岛素是持续胰岛素递送的替代选择。使用 Triton X-100 作为致孔剂,通过溶剂浇铸和颗粒浸出技术成功地制备了多孔热塑性聚氨酯 (TPU) 作为药物基质。多孔 TPU 基质的孔径随着 Triton X-100 含量的增加而增加,而在致密 TPU 中孔隙率不可见。以Franz扩散池和胰岛素为模型药物,研究了体外药物释放和体外皮肤渗透性。该实验是在孔径、pH 值和电场的影响下进行的。胰岛素释放量取决于基质孔径和电场强度。获得较高的胰岛素释放量和较高的胰岛素扩散系数主要是由于药物与电极之间的电排斥力。猪皮被用作模拟人类皮肤的膜。由于猪皮肤具有充当胰岛素屏障的角质层,因此获得了较低的胰岛素渗透量和较低的胰岛素扩散系数。在施加的电场下,数量和扩散系数都增加了。因此,多孔 TPU 基质已被证明具有作为离子电渗疗法下透皮贴剂的胰岛素基质的潜力。获得较高的胰岛素释放量和较高的胰岛素扩散系数主要是由于药物与电极之间的电排斥力。猪皮被用作模拟人类皮肤的膜。由于猪皮肤具有充当胰岛素屏障的角质层,因此获得了较低的胰岛素渗透量和较低的胰岛素扩散系数。在施加的电场下,数量和扩散系数都增加了。因此,多孔 TPU 基质已被证明具有作为离子电渗疗法下透皮贴剂的胰岛素基质的潜力。获得较高的胰岛素释放量和较高的胰岛素扩散系数主要是由于药物与电极之间的电排斥力。猪皮被用作模拟人类皮肤的膜。由于猪皮肤具有充当胰岛素屏障的角质层,因此获得了较低的胰岛素渗透量和较低的胰岛素扩散系数。在施加的电场下,数量和扩散系数都增加了。因此,多孔 TPU 基质已被证明具有作为离子电渗疗法下透皮贴剂的胰岛素基质的潜力。由于猪皮肤具有充当胰岛素屏障的角质层,因此获得了较低的胰岛素渗透量和较低的胰岛素扩散系数。在施加的电场下,数量和扩散系数都增加了。因此,多孔 TPU 基质已被证明具有作为离子电渗疗法下透皮贴剂的胰岛素基质的潜力。由于猪皮肤具有充当胰岛素屏障的角质层,因此获得了较低的胰岛素渗透量和较低的胰岛素扩散系数。在施加的电场下,数量和扩散系数都增加了。因此,多孔 TPU 基质已被证明具有作为离子电渗疗法下透皮贴剂的胰岛素基质的潜力。
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Iontophoresis of basal insulin controlled delivery based on thermoplastic polyurethane
Insulin is globally required to treat diabetes patients by an injection into the subcutaneous tissue, the fat layer under the skin, but this may cause pain or discomfort to patients. To avoid these issues, insulin delivery through a transdermal patch is an alternative choice for sustained insulin delivery. The porous thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) was successfully fabricated as the drug matrix via solvent casting and a particulate leaching technique by using Triton X-100 as a porogen. The pore size of the porous TPU matrices increased with increasing Triton X-100 content, whereas the porosity was not visible in the dense TPU. The in-vitro drug release and in-vitro skin permeation were investigated by using Franz diffusion cells and insulin as the model drug. The experiment was carried out under the effects of pore sizes, pHs, and electric fields. The insulin released amount depended on the matrix pore size and electric field strength. The higher insulin released amount and higher insulin diffusion coefficient were obtained mainly due to the electro-repulsive force between the drug and the electrode. Pig skin was used as the membrane to mimic human skin. The lower insulin permeation amounts and lower insulin diffusion coefficients were obtained as the pig skin possessed a stratum corneum layer acting as an insulin barrier. Both the amount and diffusion coefficient were enhanced under an applied electric field. Therefore, the porous TPU matrix has been shown here to have potential as an insulin matrix for the transdermal patch under iontophoresis.