This study investigated the longitudinal transition of the moral character profiles of elementary school students and their predictive factors. Latent profile, latent transition, and logistic regression analyses were conducted using data from 2132 elementary school students in the fourth and sixth grades, who responded to both the first and third surveys in 2017 and 2019, respectively. The results were as follows: First, the latent groups of moral character profiles of elementary school students were classified into three types each year: the “low,” “intermediate,” and “high” moral character types. Second, the highest transition pattern was observed in the transition from the “intermediate” moral character type to the “high” type. Third, “happiness” was the most powerful predictor affecting the latent group transition of moral character, followed by “parental relationship,” “teacher–student relationship,” and “volunteer activities.”. The findings suggest that the government needs to organize and provide effective educational methods considering parental relationship, student-teacher relations, and “volunteer activities” to improve the morality of elementary school students in the future.

本研究调查了小学生道德品格的纵向转变及其预测因素。使用来自四年级和六年级的 2132 名小学生的数据进行潜在概况、潜在转变和逻辑回归分析，他们分别对 2017 年和 2019 年的第一次和第三次调查做出了回应。结果如下：首先，每年将小学生道德品格的潜伏群体分为“低”、“中”、“高”三种品德类型。其次，在从“中级”道德品格类型向“高级”品德类型的转变中观察到最高的转变模式。第三，“幸福”是影响道德品质潜在群体转变的最有力的预测因子，其次是“父母关系”、“师生关系”和“志愿者活动”。研究结果表明，未来政府需要结合父母关系、师生关系和“志愿者活动”来组织和提供有效的教育方法，以提高小学生的品德。