The blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI) have been the focal point of innovations and received increasing attention of the community over the last years. The blockchain technology is a distributed ledger of reliable digital records that are shared by the participating networks. AI, on the other hand, and its applications have been used for developing futuristic machines that are capable of having human-like intelligence. The use of both technologies in transportation systems has seen a tremendous growth that resulted in transformation of the transportation industry. Various modes of transportation, such as new transit systems, metro rails, high-speed rails, connected and automated vehicles, autonomous trains, and other emerging transportation modes (hyperloop, e-scooters, hoverboards), still face many challenges, including but not limited to economic issues, energy efficiency, social adoption, data privacy, lack of regulatory standards, reliability, security, and ethical issues. The use of blockchain and AI technologies has the potential to fill the technology gaps in transportation systems and effectively address the existing challenges. The convergence of both technologies is likely to yield significant advantages and provide a common distributed platform for data sharing, reliability, and decision-making. The present study is focused on understanding both technologies and their convergence in various industrial domains with a specific emphasis on transportation systems. A detailed state-of-the-art review of the relevant literature is performed to identify the main advantages and challenges in the applications of blockchain and AI in transportation systems and other related domains along with the ways to overcome these challenges. This study also reveals some critical future research needs for successful development and implementation of these technologies in transportation systems.

区块链和人工智能 (AI) 一直是创新的焦点，在过去几年中受到社区越来越多的关注。区块链技术是由参与网络共享的可靠数字记录的分布式账本。另一方面，人工智能及其应用已被用于开发能够拥有类人智能的未来机器。这两种技术在交通系统中的应用取得了巨大的增长，导致了交通行业的转型。各种交通方式，如新的交通系统、地铁、高铁、联网和自动驾驶汽车、自动驾驶列车，以及其他新兴交通方式（超级高铁、电动滑板车、悬浮滑板），仍然面临许多挑战，包括但不限于经济问题、能源效率、社会采用、数据隐私、缺乏监管标准、可靠性、安全性和道德问题。区块链和人工智能技术的使用有可能填补交通系统的技术空白并有效应对现有挑战。这两种技术的融合可能会产生显着的优势，并为数据共享、可靠性和决策制定提供一个通用的分布式平台。本研究的重点是了解技术及其在各个工业领域的融合，特别强调交通系统。对相关文献进行了详细的最新回顾，以确定区块链和人工智能在交通系统和其他相关领域的应用的主要优势和挑战，以及克服这些挑战的方法。这项研究还揭示了在交通系统中成功开发和实施这些技术的一些关键的未来研究需求。