The 2021 M_w 7.4 Maduo earthquake occurred on the left-lateral Kunlun Pass-Jiangcuo fault (KPJF) located within the Bayan Har block, Tibetan Plateau, caused an ∼165-km-long surface rupture and widespread ground deformation. This earthquake was well recorded by SAR images and our near-field GPS network during the coseismic and postseismic periods, providing a rare opportunity to shed light on the seismic and aseismic slip behaviors on the slow-slipping causative fault. Here, we constrain the coseismic slip distribution of the 2021 Maduo earthquake by the joint use of InSAR and near-field GPS observations. Then, time-dependent afterslip evolution is inverted from cGPS and InSAR time series in the first ∼160 days after the mainshock. The results show that the mainshock involves five asperities with a maximum slip of 4.79 m, including an E-W trending main fault and a secondary fault locates on the eastern end of the main fault. The significant energy released near Changmahe Township could be partialy explained by the fact that the seismogenic fault here cut through the pre-existing NW-SE trending faults. Afterslip played a dominant role in the early postseismic deformation, which has released seismic moment equivalent to an M_w 6.78 earthquake, 10.3% of the coseismic moment. The seismic and aseismic slip distributions have complementary patterns in spatial, except for the overlaps on the Changmahe segment, suggesting the heterogeneity of frictional property on the fault plane. The rupture of the Maduo earthquake is located in the stress shadow induced by historical earthquakes, indicating the high accumulated stress on the KPJF. The stress level, as well as the potential seismic hazard on the ∼300-km-long seismic gap between the 2001 Kokoxili earthquake and the 2021 Maduo earthquake, is further raised by the historical events.

2021_兆瓦7.4 玛多地震发生在青藏高原巴颜喀拉地块内的昆仑山口-江错断层（KPJF）左侧，造成约165公里长的地表破裂和广泛的地表变形。这次地震在同震和震后期间被 SAR 图像和我们的近场 GPS 网络很好地记录下来，为揭示慢滑动成因断层的地震和抗震滑动行为提供了难得的机会。在这里，我们通过联合使用 InSAR 和近场 GPS 观测来约束 2021 年玛多地震的同震滑动分布。然后，在主震后的前 160 天内，时间相关的后滑演化从 cGPS 和 InSAR 时间序列反转。结果表明，本次主震涉及5个凹凸体，最大滑移4.79 m，其中1个主断层东端为东西向主断层和次断层。昌马河镇附近释放的显着能量可以部分解释为这里的发震断层切穿了预先存在的NW-SE趋势断层。后滑在震后早期变形中起主导作用，释放的地震矩相当于 M _w6.78级地震，同震矩的10.3%。地震和抗震滑动分布在空间上具有互补的模式，除了长马河段的重叠，表明断层面摩擦特性的非均质性。玛多地震的破裂位于历史地震诱发的应力阴影中，表明KPJF上的累积应力较高。历史事件进一步提高了 2001 年可可西里地震和 2021 年玛多地震之间 300 公里长的地震间隙的应力水平以及潜在的地震危险性。