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Measurement of the neutral axis in avian eggshells reveals which species conform to the golden ratio
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2022-09-02 , DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14895
Valeriy G Narushin 1, 2 , Alexander W Griffin 3 , Michael N Romanov 4 , Darren K Griffin 4
Affiliation  

Avian eggs represent a striking evolutionary adaptation for which shell thickness is crucial. An understudied eggshell property includes the neutral axis, a line that is drawn through any bent structure and whose precise location is characterized by the k-factor. Previous studies have established that, for chicken eggs, mean k corresponds to the golden ratio (Φ = 1.618, or 0.618 in its reciprocal form). We hypothesized whether such an arrangement of the neutral axis conforms to the eggshell of any bird or only to eggshells with a certain set of geometric parameters. Implementing a suite of innovative methodological approaches, we investigated variations in k of 435 avian species, exploring which correspond to Φ. We found that mean k is highly variable among birds and does not always conform to Φ, being much lower in spherical and ellipsoid eggs and higher in pyriform eggs. While 21 species had k values within 0.618 ± 0.02 (including four falcon species) and the Falconinae subfamily (six species) revealed a mean of 0.618, it is predominantly domesticated species (chicken, ducks, and geese) that lay eggs whose neutral axis corresponds to the golden ratio. Thus, the study of the mathematical secrets of the eggshell related to the golden ratio of its neutral axis suggests its species-specific signatures in birds.

中文翻译:

鸟类蛋壳中性轴的测量揭示了哪些物种符合黄金比例

禽蛋代表了一种惊人的进化适应性,壳的厚度对此至关重要。一个未被充分研究的蛋壳特性包括中性轴,一条穿过任何弯曲结构的线,其精确位置由k因子表征。先前的研究已经确定,对于鸡蛋,平均k对应于黄金比例(Φ = 1.618,或其倒数形式为 0.618)。我们假设中性轴的这种排列是否符合任何鸟类的蛋壳或仅符合具有特定几何参数集的蛋壳。实施一套创新方法,我们调查了 435 种鸟类的k变化,探索哪些对应于 Φ。我们发现均值k在鸟类中变化很大,并不总是符合 Φ,在球形和椭圆形蛋中要低得多,在梨形蛋中要高得多。虽然 21 个物种的k值在 0.618 ± 0.02 范围内(包括四种猎鹰物种),而猎鹰亚科(六种)的平均值为 0.618,但主要是驯化物种(鸡、鸭和鹅)产卵,其中性轴对应到黄金比例。因此,对蛋壳与其中性轴黄金比例相关的数学秘密的研究表明,它在鸟类中具有物种特异性特征。
更新日期:2022-09-02
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