Artemisia, along with Chenopodiaceae, is the dominant component growing in the desert and dry grassland of the Northern Hemisphere. Artemisia pollen with its high productivity, wide distribution, and easy identification is usually regarded as an eco-indicator for assessing aridity and distinguishing grassland from desert vegetation in terms of the pollen relative abundance ratio of Chenopodiaceae$/$Artemisia (C$/$A). Nevertheless, divergent opinions on the degree of aridity evaluated by Artemisia pollen have been circulating in the palynological community for a long time. To solve the confusion, we first selected 36 species from nine clades and three outgroups of Artemisia based on the phylogenetic framework, which attempts to cover the maximum range of pollen morphological variation. Then, sampling, experiments, photography, and measurements were taken using standard methods. Here, we present pollen datasets containing 4018 original pollen photographs, 9360 pollen morphological trait measurements, information on 30 858 source plant occurrences, and corresponding environmental factors. Hierarchical cluster analysis on pollen morphological traits was carried out to subdivide Artemisia pollen into three types. When plotting the three pollen types of Artemisia onto the global terrestrial biomes, different pollen types of Artemisia were found to have different habitat ranges. These findings change the traditional concept of Artemisia being restricted to arid and semi-arid environments. The data framework that we designed is open and expandable for new pollen data of Artemisia worldwide. In the future, linking pollen morphology with habitat via these pollen datasets will create additional knowledge that will increase the resolution of the ecological environment in the geological past. The Artemisia pollen datasets are freely available at Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6900308; Lu et al., 2022).

中文翻译：

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用于深度探索潜在生态指标的蒿花粉数据集

蒿属和藜科植物是生长在北半球沙漠和干燥草原上的主要成分。蒿花粉产量高、分布广、易识别，通常被认为是评价干旱程度和区分草地与荒漠植被的生态指标，用藜科花粉相对丰度比来衡量。$/$蒿（C$/$一个）。然而，长期以来，关于蒿花粉评估干旱程度的不同意见在孢粉学界流传已久。为了解决这一困惑，我们首先根据系统发育框架从蒿属的九个进化枝和三个外群中选择了36个物种，试图覆盖花粉形态变异的最大范围。然后，使用标准方法进行采样、实验、摄影和测量。在这里，我们提供了花粉数据集，其中包含 4018 张原始花粉照片、9360 份花粉形态特征测量值、30858 种源植物发生的信息以及相应的环境因素。对花粉形态性状进行层次聚类分析以细分艾蒿花粉分为三种。在将三种花粉类型的蒿绘制到全球陆地生物群落时，发现不同花粉类型的蒿具有不同的栖息地范围。这些发现改变了传统的蒿属植物仅限于干旱和半干旱环境的概念。我们设计的数据框架对全球新的蒿属花粉数据是开放和可扩展的。将来，通过这些花粉数据集将花粉形态与栖息地联系起来，将创造额外的知识，从而提高地质过去生态环境的分辨率。艾蒿_Zenodo 可免费获取花粉数据集（https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6900308；Lu 等人，2022）。