Guided by the life course perspective, this study investigated the developmental antecedents of contact, closeness/warmth, and negativity in young adults' relationships with their parents. Taking the developmental systems approach, we considered interindividual differences in not only initial levels of parenting quality in early adolescence (Grade 6) but also developmental changes in parenting quality across adolescence (Grades 6-12) as predictors of young adult-parent relationship quality. Data were from a large sample of young adults (N = 1,631; Mage = 22.84; 57% female; 90% White; 25% received free/reduced-price school lunch in Grade 6) followed from the fall of Grades 6 to 12 at eight time points, plus a young adult assessment. Using multivariate latent growth curve modeling, we identified a nuanced pattern of predictors of the three relationship dimensions. Higher initial levels of and lower rates of decline in parental involvement across adolescence predicted more young adult contact with mothers and fathers. Higher initial levels of parental warmth and parental involvement, as well as lower rates of decline in parental warmth, predicted greater closeness/warmth with mothers and fathers in young adulthood. Higher initial levels of and lower rates of decline in effective discipline predicted less young adult negativity toward mothers and fathers. These results held even when accounting for important adolescent and young adult covariates (adolescent sex and race, adolescent family income and structure, adolescent aggressive behavior tendencies, young adult living arrangement). The study offers new insights into how parenting practices in adolescence contribute to parent-child relationship in young adulthood. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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青春期养育实践的多变量增长轨迹预测年轻人与父母的关系。

在生命历程视角的指导下，本研究调查了年轻人与父母关系中接触、亲密/温暖和消极性的发展前因。采用发展系统方法，我们不仅考虑了青春期早期（6 年级）育儿质量初始水平的个体差异，还考虑了整个青春期（6-12 年级）育儿质量的发展变化，作为年轻成人-父母关系质量的预测因素。数据来自大量年轻人样本（N = 1,631；Mage = 22.84；57% 女性；90% 白人；25% 在 6 年级获得免费/减价学校午餐），随后从 6 年级到 12 年级秋季八个时间点，加上一个年轻的成人评估。使用多变量潜在增长曲线建模，我们确定了三个关系维度的预测变量的细微差别模式。整个青春期父母参与的较高初始水平和较低的下降率预示着更多的年轻人与母亲和父亲接触。父母温暖和父母参与的初始水平较高，以及父母温暖的下降率较低，预示着成年早期与母亲和父亲的亲密/温暖程度更高。有效管教的初始水平较高和下降率较低预示着年轻成人对母亲和父亲的消极情绪较少。即使在考虑重要的青少年和青年协变量（青少年性别和种族、青少年家庭收入和结构、青少年攻击行为倾向、青年生活安排）时，这些结果也成立。该研究提供了关于青春期养育方式如何影响成年早期亲子关系的新见解。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。