The ability to regulate one's emotions and behaviors is essential for adaptive functioning in society. We investigated whether parental mind-mindedness-parents' tendency to treat their children as mental agents-in infancy and toddlerhood predicts school-age children's self-regulation. The sample consisted of 125 mostly Dutch and White families. We assessed mothers' and fathers' appropriate and nonattuned mind-related comments during free play with their 12- and 30-month-old child (70 girls and 55 boys). We measured children's physiological, temperamental, and behavioral self-regulation when children were 4 1/2 years old. Fathers' appropriate mind-related comments predicted children's higher temperamental and behavioral self-regulation and mothers' and fathers' nonattuned mind-related comments predicted children's lower physiological and temperamental self-regulation. Our findings emphasize the importance of both parents' mind-mindedness in children's socioemotional development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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母亲和父亲在婴儿期和幼儿期的思想意识可以预测他们孩子在学龄前的自我调节能力。

调节自己的情绪和行为的能力对于社会中的适应性功能至关重要。我们调查了父母在婴儿期和幼儿期将孩子视为心理因素的倾向是否能预测学龄儿童的自我调节能力。样本包括 125 个主要是荷兰人和白人家庭。我们评估了母亲和父亲在与他们 12 个月和 30 个月大的孩子（70 名女孩和 55 名男孩）自由玩耍期间的适当和不协调的心理相关评论。我们在儿童 4 1/2 岁时测量了儿童的生理、气质和行为自我调节。父亲适当的与心理相关的评论预示着孩子更高的气质和行为自我调节以及母亲和父亲的 与心智相关的不协调评论预示着儿童的生理和气质自我调节能力较低。我们的研究结果强调了父母双方的思想意识在儿童社会情感发展中的重要性。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。