A large body of research has shown that parents play a vital role in the development of adolescents' depression. However, previous research has overlooked the effects of a potentially critical factor, namely, parental perceptions, and beliefs about adolescents' depression. The present study examined whether parental perceptions of an adolescent's depressive symptoms predict longitudinal changes in adolescents' symptoms (i.e., the parental perception effect). The longitudinal relationship between adolescents' depressive symptoms and parental perceptions of the adolescents' symptoms was analyzed in three independent groups of parent-adolescent pairs (in total N = 1,228). Parental perception and monitoring effects were found in Studies 1B and 2 only in the depressive mood subscale. While a decreased enjoyment subscale showed a perception effect in Study 1A, we obtained null results from other studies. We synthesized the results by applying meta-analytic structural equation modeling to obtain a more robust estimate. The analysis qualified both perception and monitoring effects in both subscales. Our results suggest that when parents believe that their adolescent child is depressed, adolescents are cognitively biased by their parental perceptions over time, resulting in more severe depressive symptoms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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父母的看法很重要：青少年抑郁症状与父母的看法之间的相互关系。

大量研究表明，父母在青少年抑郁症的发展中起着至关重要的作用。然而，之前的研究忽视了一个潜在的关键因素的影响，即父母对青少年抑郁症的看法和信念。本研究检验了父母对青少年抑郁症状的看法是否能预测青少年症状的纵向变化（即父母的看法效应）。在三个独立的父母-青少年对组（总共 N = 1,228）中分析了青少年抑郁症状与父母对青少年症状的看法之间的纵向关系。在研究 1B 和 2 中仅在抑郁情绪分量表中发现了父母的感知和监控效果。虽然减少的享受分量表在研究 1A 中显示出感知效果，但我们从其他研究中获得了无效结果。我们通过应用元分析结构方程模型来综合结果以获得更稳健的估计。该分析对两个分量表的感知和监测效果进行了限定。我们的结果表明，当父母认为他们的青春期孩子患有抑郁症时，随着时间的推移，青少年会因父母的看法而产生认知偏差，从而导致更严重的抑郁症状。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。该分析对两个分量表的感知和监测效果进行了限定。我们的结果表明，当父母认为他们的青春期孩子患有抑郁症时，随着时间的推移，青少年会因父母的看法而产生认知偏差，从而导致更严重的抑郁症状。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。该分析对两个分量表的感知和监测效果进行了限定。我们的结果表明，当父母认为他们的青春期孩子患有抑郁症时，随着时间的推移，青少年会因父母的看法而产生认知偏差，从而导致更严重的抑郁症状。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。