Immunotherapy that activates immune systems for combating cancer has yielded considerable clinical benefits recently. However, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (ITME) is a major hurdle to immunotherapy as it supports tumor to evade immune surveillance. Reversing ITME facilitates the recruitment and activation of antitumor immune cells, thereby promoting immunotherapy. Our group has developed various nanosized drug delivery systems (NDDSs) to modulate ITME with enhanced efficacy and safety. In the review we introduce the ITME-remodeling strategies for improving immunotherapy based on NDDSs including triggering tumor cells to undergo immunogenetic cell death (ICD), applying tumor vaccine, and directly regulating intratumoral immune components (immune cells or cytokines). In order to guide the design of NDDSs for amplified effects of antitumor immunotherapy, the contributions and future directions of this field are also discussed.

激活免疫系统来对抗癌症的免疫疗法最近已经产生了相当大的临床效益。然而，免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境（ITME）是免疫治疗的主要障碍，因为它支持肿瘤逃避免疫监视。逆转ITME有利于抗肿瘤免疫细胞的招募和激活，从而促进免疫治疗。我们的团队开发了各种纳米药物输送系统 (NDDS) 来调节 ITME，提高疗效和安全性。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了基于NDDS的改进免疫治疗的ITME重塑策略，包括触发肿瘤细胞进行免疫遗传细胞死亡（ICD）、应用肿瘤疫苗以及直接调节瘤内免疫成分（免疫细胞或细胞因子）。为了指导 NDDS 的设计以放大抗肿瘤免疫治疗的效果，还讨论了该领域的贡献和未来方向。