Abstract

What factors influence state governors to issue an executive order to reopen economic activities more or less quickly when removing the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions? Without comprehensive federal guidelines, state governors were faced with an administrative dilemma in devising mitigation policies that promoted safe public health measures while encouraging more business activity. Following the federal directive to reopen in April 2020, governors in all 50 states signed executive orders, but some waited longer than others. We argue that variation in the timing of the enactment of initial executive orders is influenced by political factors, financial resources factors, interstate factors, and problem severity of the public health incidence. Using an event history analysis, our Cox proportional hazard regression model suggests that states with unified Republican governments, more state funding obtained from the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act, and participation in regional collaboration resumed activities earlier compared to states with more neighbors that issued reopening executive orders and states with more per capita income. Results indicate that, in crisis situations, unified political partisanship, the receipt of federal funding, and coordination with other states facilitate rapid policy adoption.

摘要

哪些因素影响州长在取消 COVID-19 大流行限制时发布行政命令或多或少地重新开放经济活动？如果没有全面的联邦指导方针，各州州长在制定缓解政策以促进安全的公共卫生措施同时鼓励更多商业活动时面临行政困境。在联邦指令于 2020 年 4 月重新开放后，所有 50 个州的州长都签署了行政命令，但有些州等待的时间比其他州长。我们认为，初始行政命令颁布时间的变化受政治因素、财政资源因素、州际因素和公共卫生事件严重程度的影响。使用事件历史分析，我们的 Cox 比例风险回归模型表明，与发布重新开放的邻国较多的州相比，拥有统一共和党政府、从冠状病毒援助、救济和经济安全 (CARES) 法案获得更多州资金以及参与区域合作的州更早恢复活动行政命令和人均收入更高的州。结果表明，在危机情况下，统一的党派关系、获得联邦资金以及与其他州的协调有助于快速采用政策。与发布重新开放行政命令的邻国较多的州和人均收入较高的州相比，参与区域合作的活动恢复得更早。结果表明，在危机情况下，统一的党派关系、获得联邦资金以及与其他州的协调有助于快速采用政策。与发布重新开放行政命令的邻国较多的州和人均收入较高的州相比，参与区域合作的活动恢复得更早。结果表明，在危机情况下，统一的党派关系、获得联邦资金以及与其他州的协调有助于快速采用政策。