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Efficient resource allocation for hybrid nonorthogonal multiple access based heterogeneous networks beyond fifth-generation
Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-30 , DOI: 10.1002/ett.4630 Umar Ghafoor 1 , Mudassar Ali 2, 3 , Humayun Zubair Khan 1 , Adil Masood Siddiqui 1 , Muhammad Naeem 4, 5
Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-30 , DOI: 10.1002/ett.4630 Umar Ghafoor 1 , Mudassar Ali 2, 3 , Humayun Zubair Khan 1 , Adil Masood Siddiqui 1 , Muhammad Naeem 4, 5
Affiliation
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Fifth-generation (5G) and future beyond fifth-generation (B5G) networks will require immense capacity due to the high rise in the number of multimedia applications and mobile devices. The heterogeneous networks (HetNets) in 5G and B5G can increase the heterogeneity and network throughput because macro base station-only (MBS-only) networks cannot satisfy the drastic increase in capacity demands. Hybrid nonorthogonal multiple access (H-NOMA) can accommodate the increasing number of multimedia applications and mobile devices in 5G and B5G. H-NOMA in B5G can also improve spectral efficiency. Before this, the researchers had not considered user clustering with H-NOMA in HetNets. This article investigates the user clustering with downlink H-NOMA in HetNet to maximize the network throughput in 5G and B5G. The formulated mathematical problem optimizes the considered key performance indicators (KPIs), that is, users admission in clusters, users association with base stations, power allocation to users, and network throughput. At the same time, it also satisfies the minimum transmit power and data rate requirements of users. The formulated problem is a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem. We have proposed an 
-optimal algorithm, that is, outer approximation algorithm (OAA) to solve the MINLP problem because the complexity of the optimal exhaustive search algorithm (ESA) increases exponentially with an increase in the number of users. H-NOMA with user clustering in HetNet is evaluated with extensive simulations to show its effectiveness regarding network throughput in 5G and B5G. We have also considered the proposed framework in the MBS-only network and compared its performance with HetNet. The results verify that the proposed framework in HetNet performs better than the MBS-only network. The complexity of the 
-optimal algorithm is calculated that gives 
-optimal results within 
. We have also made a complexity analysis of the proposed OAA and ESA and concluded that the complexity of the proposed OAA algorithm is less than the ESA.
中文翻译：
第五代以上混合非正交多址异构网络的高效资源分配
由于多媒体应用程序和移动设备的数量激增，第五代 (5G) 和未来的第五代 (B5G) 网络将需要巨大的容量。5G和B5G中的异构网络（HetNets）可以增加异构性和网络吞吐量，因为仅宏基站（MBS-only）网络无法满足急剧增加的容量需求。混合非正交多址接入 (H-NOMA) 可以容纳 5G 和 B5G 中越来越多的多媒体应用和移动设备。B5G 中的 H-NOMA 也可以提高频谱效率。在此之前，研究人员没有考虑在 HetNets 中使用 H-NOMA 进行用户聚类。本文研究了 HetNet 中使用下行链路 H-NOMA 的用户聚类，以最大化 5G 和 B5G 中的网络吞吐量。制定的数学问题优化了考虑的关键性能指标 (KPI)，即集群中的用户准入、用户与基站的关联、用户的功率分配和网络吞吐量。同时也满足了用户的最低发射功率和数据速率要求。公式化的问题是混合整数非线性规划 (MINLP) 问题。我们提出了一个- 最优算法，即外逼近算法（OAA）来解决MINLP问题，因为最优穷举搜索算法（ESA）的复杂度随着用户数量的增加呈指数增长。HetNet 中具有用户聚类的 H-NOMA 通过广泛的模拟进行评估，以显示其在 5G 和 B5G 网络吞吐量方面的有效性。我们还考虑了 MBS-only 网络中提出的框架，并将其性能与 HetNet 进行了比较。结果证实，HetNet 中提出的框架比 MBS-only 网络表现更好。计算最优算法的复杂度，给出最优结果. 我们还对所提出的 OAA 和 ESA 进行了复杂度分析，并得出结论，所提出的 OAA 算法的复杂度低于 ESA。
更新日期：2022-08-30
-optimal algorithm, that is, outer approximation algorithm (OAA) to solve the MINLP problem because the complexity of the optimal exhaustive search algorithm (ESA) increases exponentially with an increase in the number of users. H-NOMA with user clustering in HetNet is evaluated with extensive simulations to show its effectiveness regarding network throughput in 5G and B5G. We have also considered the proposed framework in the MBS-only network and compared its performance with HetNet. The results verify that the proposed framework in HetNet performs better than the MBS-only network. The complexity of the -optimal algorithm is calculated that gives -optimal results within . We have also made a complexity analysis of the proposed OAA and ESA and concluded that the complexity of the proposed OAA algorithm is less than the ESA.
中文翻译：
第五代以上混合非正交多址异构网络的高效资源分配
由于多媒体应用程序和移动设备的数量激增，第五代 (5G) 和未来的第五代 (B5G) 网络将需要巨大的容量。5G和B5G中的异构网络（HetNets）可以增加异构性和网络吞吐量，因为仅宏基站（MBS-only）网络无法满足急剧增加的容量需求。混合非正交多址接入 (H-NOMA) 可以容纳 5G 和 B5G 中越来越多的多媒体应用和移动设备。B5G 中的 H-NOMA 也可以提高频谱效率。在此之前，研究人员没有考虑在 HetNets 中使用 H-NOMA 进行用户聚类。本文研究了 HetNet 中使用下行链路 H-NOMA 的用户聚类，以最大化 5G 和 B5G 中的网络吞吐量。制定的数学问题优化了考虑的关键性能指标 (KPI)，即集群中的用户准入、用户与基站的关联、用户的功率分配和网络吞吐量。同时也满足了用户的最低发射功率和数据速率要求。公式化的问题是混合整数非线性规划 (MINLP) 问题。我们提出了一个
- 最优算法，即外逼近算法（OAA）来解决MINLP问题，因为最优穷举搜索算法（ESA）的复杂度随着用户数量的增加呈指数增长。HetNet 中具有用户聚类的 H-NOMA 通过广泛的模拟进行评估，以显示其在 5G 和 B5G 网络吞吐量方面的有效性。我们还考虑了 MBS-only 网络中提出的框架，并将其性能与 HetNet 进行了比较。结果证实，HetNet 中提出的框架比 MBS-only 网络表现更好。计算最优算法的复杂度，给出最优结果. 我们还对所提出的 OAA 和 ESA 进行了复杂度分析，并得出结论，所提出的 OAA 算法的复杂度低于 ESA。
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