This article explains abuse of foreigners’ rights by identifying an unexplored by-product of human rights shaming—reciprocation. By identifying this phenomenon, the article explains countries’ noncompliance with treaty obligations, focusing in particular on noncompliance with the Convention against Torture's (CAT) provisions on foreign nationals’ rights. States who learn about violations of their citizens’ rights in other ratifying countries violate foreigners’ rights at home. The article hypothesizes that the likelihood of violations of foreign nationals’ rights in a country is positively associated with mentions of violations of that country's citizens’ rights in other treaty countries. To test these propositions, the article presents new data on countries’ violations of foreign nationals’ human rights as documented in the CAT Treaty Body's reports. The results of rare events logistic regression analysis support the hypothesis. Conceptualizing this dynamic among CAT countries as negative diffuse reciprocity, the article draws theoretical conclusions and policy implications.

中文翻译：

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恶性循环：CAT 国家侵犯外国公民权利

本文通过识别人权羞辱的一个未开发的副产品——互惠来解释外国人权利的滥用。通过识别这一现象，文章解释了各国不遵守条约义务的情况，特别关注不遵守《禁止酷刑公约》（CAT）关于外国国民权利的规定。得知其他批准国侵犯其公民权利的国家在本国侵犯了外国人的权利。文章假设在一个国家侵犯外国公民权利的可能性与在其他条约国家提及侵犯该国公民权利的行为呈正相关。为了检验这些命题，这篇文章提供了有关国家侵犯外国公民人权的新数据，这些数据记录在 CAT 条约机构的报告中。罕见事件逻辑回归分析的结果支持该假设。本文将 CAT 国家之间的这种动态概念化为负扩散互惠，得出了理论结论和政策含义。