Spanish legislation on gender quotas in electoral candidate lists implies the effective incorporation of women into politics. This measure has created interest in the impact of this law on public service management (substantive representation), especially welfare services. This is due to the influence these services have on work-life balance. Hence, the objective of this research is to determine the impact of women politicians on the efficiency of municipal welfare services. We estimate efficiency levels in public social service management using non-parametric techniques over the last three local government legislatures in Spain. We then use truncated regression models to estimate the impact of women's substantive representation on these efficiency levels. The results confirm that more women in local government and female leadership in the opposition result in better levels of efficiency through reduced spending. In contrast, female leadership in the government and many women in the opposition reduce efficiency by supporting spending without increasing welfare services.

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地方政府女性管理：实质性代表对福利服务效率的影响

西班牙关于选举候选人名单中性别配额的立法意味着妇女有效地参政。这项措施引起了人们对该法对公共服务管理（实质性代表），尤其是福利服务的影响的兴趣。这是由于这些服务对工作与生活平衡的影响。因此，本研究的目的是确定女性政治家对市政福利服务效率的影响。我们使用非参数技术估计西班牙最近三个地方政府立法机构的公共社会服务管理效率水平。然后，我们使用截断回归模型来估计女性实质性代表对这些效率水平的影响。结果证实，地方政府中更多的女性和反对派中的女性领导层通过减少支出提高了效率水平。相比之下，政府中的女性领导层和反对派中的许多女性通过支持支出而不增加福利服务来降低效率。