Zirconium oxycarbides and zirconium oxycarbonitrides are high-temperature ceramic materials with great potential for applications in advanced technologies due to their good refractoriness, mechanical and thermoelectric properties, and corrosion resistance. The properties of ZrCO(N) materials strongly depend on their composition. However, the stoichiometry of stable ZrCO(N) compounds, synthesis chemistry, and thermodynamics of the proceeding reactions require clarification. This review comprehensively interprets data for ZrCO and ZrCON ceramics, including studies that may not have been addressed in prior reviews. It summarizes the state-of-the-art synthesis procedures involving reactions between commonly used zirconia, zirconium carbide, and carbon black, along with other zirconium sources widely used in the last few decades for the preparation of ZrCO(N) materials. The controversial reaction mechanisms of carbothermal reduction of zirconia and the role of CO gas in this process are discussed. The properties of ZrCO and ZrCON and their possible applications are also summarized.

中文翻译：

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碳氧化锆和碳氮化锆：综述

碳氧化锆和碳氮氧化锆是高温陶瓷材料，由于具有良好的耐火性、机械和热电性能以及耐腐蚀性，在先进技术中具有巨大的应用潜力。ZrCO(N) 材料的性质在很大程度上取决于它们的成分。然而，稳定的 ZrCO(N) 化合物的化学计量、合成化学和正在进行的反应的热力学需要澄清。本综述全面解释了 ZrCO 和 ZrCON 陶瓷的数据，包括之前的综述中可能未涉及的研究。它总结了最先进的合成程序，涉及常用的氧化锆、碳化锆和炭黑之间的反应，以及过去几十年广泛用于制备 ZrCO(N) 材料的其他锆源。讨论了有争议的氧化锆碳热还原反应机制以及 CO 气体在该过程中的作用。还总结了 ZrCO 和 ZrCON 的性质及其可能的应用。