Abstract Background Patients with different ethnic and genetic backgrounds may respond differently to anticancer therapies. This study aimed to assess whether patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) in East Asia had an inferior pathological response compared with patients treated in Northwest Europe. Methods Patients with OSCC who underwent nCRT according to the CROSS regimen (carboplatin and paclitaxel with concurrent 41.4 Gy radiotherapy) followed by oesophagectomy between June 2012 and April 2020 were identified from East Asian and Dutch databases. The primary outcome was pCR, defined as ypT0 N0. Groups were compared using propensity score matching, adjusting for sex, Charlson Co-morbidity Index score, tumour location, cT and cN categories, interval between nCRT and surgery, and number of resected lymph nodes. Results Of 725 patients identified, 133 remained in each group after matching. A pCR was achieved in 37 patients (27.8 per cent) in the Asian database and 58 (43.6 per cent) in the Dutch database (P = 0.010). The rate of ypT1–4 was higher in Asian than Dutch data (66.2 and 49.6 per cent; P = 0.004). The ypN1–3 rate was 44.4 per cent in the Asian and 33.1 per cent in the Dutch data set. Clear margins were achieved in 92.5 per cent of Asian and 95.5 per cent of Dutch patients. Conclusion Regional differences in responses to CROSS nCRT for oesophageal cancer were apparent, the origin of which will need evaluation.

中文翻译：

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食管鳞状细胞癌新辅助放化疗的病理反应：多中心东亚和荷兰数据库比较

摘要 背景不同种族和遗传背景的患者可能对抗癌治疗有不同的反应。本研究旨在评估东亚接受新辅助放化疗 (nCRT) 治疗的食管鳞状细胞癌 (OSCC) 患者与西北欧接受治疗的患者相比，其病理反应是否较差。 方法从东亚和荷兰数据库中确定了 2012 年 6 月至 2020 年 4 月期间根据 CROSS 方案（卡铂和紫杉醇同时进行 41.4 Gy 放疗）接受 nCRT，随后接受食管切除术的 OSCC 患者。主要结局是 pCR，定义为 ypT0 N0。使用倾向评分匹配、调整性别、Charlson 共病指数评分、肿瘤位置、cT 和 cN 类别、nCRT 和手术之间的间隔以及切除的淋巴结数量来比较各组。 结果在确定的 725 名患者中，匹配后每组仍有 133 名患者。亚洲数据库中有 37 名患者（27.8%）达到了 pCR，荷兰数据库中有 58 名患者（43.6%）达到了 pCR（P = 0.010）。亚洲人的 ypT1-4 率高于荷兰人的数据（66.2% 和 49.6%；P = 0.004）。亚洲人的 ypN1-3 率为 44.4%，荷兰人的数据集中为 33.1%。92.5% 的亚洲患者和 95.5% 的荷兰患者实现了清晰的切缘。 结论食管癌 CROSS nCRT 反应的区域差异很明显，其根源需要评估。