Climate Policy ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-30 , DOI: 10.1080/14693062.2022.2116382 Erich de Castro Dias 1 , Sofia Larriera Santurio 2
ABSTRACT
Climate change is a transdisciplinary wicked problem whose effects are causing widespread economic setbacks, jeopardizing fundamental human rights, and threatening people's lives and livelihoods. In addition to mitigation and adaptation, countries must frequently deal with another important aspect of climate change: loss and damage. Although losses and damages resulting from climate change have been increasing in the past years, countries continue to refrain from encompassing human rights in climate discussions and negotiations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). By neglecting a broader framework, nation states weaken the response to loss and damage through the Warsaw International Mechanism (WIM), in turn creating a gridlock in its finance scheme. Building on scholarly literature that sheds light on the necessity to encompass human rights as a response to loss and damage, this article explains how existing treaties and State obligations under international human rights law provide a base argument to overcome this gridlock and enhance the effectiveness of the WIM, without creating new obligations. Additionally, this article shows that a change in discourse may open an avenue to get funds to support the WIM. Rather than framing liability and compensation exclusively within climate law, States should bring a human rights rationale into climate talks, using existing obligations to comply with human rights treaties and to effectively respond to loss and damage.
Key policy insights
The WIM finance scheme is not fully operational because developed States avoid liability discussions, causing the current gridlock in climate talks.
Many activities contribute to climate change and generate transboundary environmental impacts that limit the human rights of people outside of the territory where the impact originated.
Developed countries are historically responsible for the majority of cumulative greenhouse gas emissions and have extraterritorial jurisdiction regarding human rights obligations. Consequently, they bear responsibility for losses and damages derived from climate change, which is caused by their emissions.
An interdisciplinary approach in climate talks, which incorporates existing human rights obligations, has the potential to overcome the gridlock, enabling an operational finance channel within the WIM.
中文翻译：
人权与华沙国际机制：克服金融僵局的跨学科方法
摘要
气候变化是一个跨学科的邪恶问题的影响正在造成广泛的经济挫折，危害基本人权，并威胁到人们的生命和生计。除了减缓和适应之外，各国还必须经常应对气候变化的另一个重要方面：损失和损害。尽管过去几年气候变化造成的损失和损害不断增加，但各国继续避免将人权纳入《联合国气候变化框架公约》（UNFCCC）下的气候讨论和谈判。通过忽视更广泛的框架，民族国家通过华沙国际机制 (WIM) 削弱了对损失和损害的反应，进而在其金融计划中造成了僵局。本文以阐明将人权纳入应对损失和损害的必要性的学术文献为基础，解释了国际人权法下的现有条约和国家义务如何为克服这一僵局和提高人权法的有效性提供基础论据。 WIM，不产生新的义务。此外，本文表明，话语的变化可能会开辟一条获得资金支持 WIM 的途径。各国不应仅在气候法中规定责任和赔偿，而应将人权理由纳入气候谈判，利用现有义务遵守人权条约并有效应对损失和损害。本文解释了国际人权法下的现有条约和国家义务如何为克服这一僵局和提高 WIM 的有效性提供基础论据，而不产生新的义务。此外，本文表明，话语的变化可能会开辟一条获得资金支持 WIM 的途径。各国不应仅在气候法中规定责任和赔偿，而应将人权理由纳入气候谈判，利用现有义务遵守人权条约并有效应对损失和损害。本文解释了国际人权法下的现有条约和国家义务如何为克服这一僵局和提高 WIM 的有效性提供基础论据，而不产生新的义务。此外，本文表明，话语的变化可能会开辟一条获得资金支持 WIM 的途径。各国不应仅在气候法中规定责任和赔偿，而应将人权理由纳入气候谈判，利用现有义务遵守人权条约并有效应对损失和损害。
主要政策见解
WIM 融资计划并未全面运作，因为发达国家避免讨论责任，导致当前气候谈判陷入僵局。
许多活动助长了气候变化并产生了跨界环境影响，从而限制了影响起源地区以外人们的人权。
发达国家历来对大部分累积温室气体排放负责，并在人权义务方面拥有域外管辖权。因此，它们应对由其排放造成的气候变化造成的损失和损害负责。
包含现有人权义务的气候谈判中的跨学科方法有可能克服僵局，从而在 WIM 内建立一个运营融资渠道。
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