The Amazon rainforest is one of the most important ecosystems on the planet; however, the environmental pressure created by anthropic activities require monitoring of this critical biome. In this study, we assessed the evolution of deforestation in an open mine pit and its impact on surface environment (i.e., temperature and carbon stocks) using remote sensing techniques. The study was carried out on an area of 11,283.3 ha in the municipality of Marabá, Pará State, Brazil, where the “Salobo” copper mine is located. A temporal analysis was conducted, using Landsat satellite images (2005–2020). Subsequently, the Land Surface Temperature (LST) and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of the deforested area were determined. Mining-induced deforestation has expanded from 0.9 ha in 2005 to 2214 ha in 2020 with an increase in surface temperature of 10 °C in the period. The temperature difference between the pit and the adjacent forest ranged from 30 to 40 °C over the 15 years, while the temperature at the forest edges rose by 4 °C. The correlation coefficient between exposed soil temperatures and mining deforestation was 0.66. CO₂ emissions, increasing from 0.005 Tg CO₂ in 2005 to 1.82 Tg CO₂ in 2020 due to mining deforestation. The findings demonstrate the significant environmental impact of deforestation, which may also have an influence on local climate. The results can provide scientific support for public policies aimed at mitigating the issue.

亚马逊雨林是地球上最重要的生态系统之一；然而，人类活动造成的环境压力需要监测这一关键生物群落。在这项研究中，我们使用遥感技术评估了露天矿坑中森林砍伐的演变及其对地表环境（即温度和碳储量）的影响。该研究是在巴西帕拉州马拉巴市 11,283.3 公顷的土地上进行的，“Salobo”铜矿就位于该市。使用Landsat 卫星图片（2005-2020）。随后，确定了毁林区域的地表温度（LST）和归一化植被差异指数（NDVI）。采矿导致的森林砍伐已从 2005 年的 0.9 公顷扩大到 2020 年的 2214 公顷，在此期间地表温度升高了 10°C。15年来，坑与邻近森林的温差在30至40°C之间，而森林边缘的温度上升了4°C。暴露的土壤温度与采矿采伐森林的相关系数为0.66。CO ₂排放量，从 2005 年的 0.005 Tg CO₂增加到 1.82 Tg CO₂2020 年，由于采矿砍伐森林。研究结果表明森林砍伐对环境的重大影响，这也可能对当地气候产生影响。研究结果可以为旨在缓解这一问题的公共政策提供科学支持。