Ethnic-racial socialization (ERS) is an important developmental process that may have crucial significance for childrearing in families contending with discrimination or structural inequalities. Although the majority of families who experience homelessness are from historically marginalized populations in the United States, there is a dearth of research on ERS among families experiencing homelessness, particularly those with young children. To address this gap, the present study examined multiple dimensions of ERS reported by parents in a sample of families residing in an emergency shelter. Participants included 69 caregivers (84.1% female; M_age = 31.3; 69.6% Black/African American, 10.1% White/European American, 8.7% Native American/American Indian, 5.8% Multiracial, 5.8% Other) and their young children (63.8% male; M_age = 5.2; 63.8% Black/African American, 4.3% White/European American, 7.2% Native American/American Indian, 21.7% Multiracial, 2.9% Other). Results supported the hypothesis that caregivers experiencing homelessness would engage in ERS with their young children, with caregivers focusing more on cultural socialization than preparation for bias or promotion of mistrust. Families headed by 2 parents, who were employed, and had more children, engaged in more cultural socialization. Preparation for bias was related to child's ethnicity-race (Black), older age, higher verbal ability, and more siblings, whereas promotion of mistrust was related to parent attributes (e.g., older age, lower education). Unexpectedly, ERS was not related to parents’ income, distress, or perceived community discrimination, or to child gender. Results underscore the importance of understanding ERS in the contexts of sociocultural ecology and developmental timing.

种族-种族社会化 (ERS) 是一个重要的发展过程，对于在与歧视或结构性不平等作斗争的家庭中抚养孩子可能具有至关重要的意义。尽管大多数无家可归的家庭来自美国历史上的边缘化人群，但对于无家可归的家庭，尤其是有小孩的家庭，缺乏对 ERS ​​的研究。为了解决这一差距，本研究检查了父母在居住在紧急避难所的家庭样本中报告的 ERS ​​的多个维度。参与者包括 69 名护理人员（84.1% 女性；M_年龄 = 31.3; 69.6% 黑人/非洲裔美国人、10.1% 白人/欧洲裔美国人、8.7% 美洲原住民/美洲印第安人、5.8% 多种族、5.8% 其他人）及其幼儿（63.8% 男性；M_年龄 = 5.2; 63.8% 黑人/非洲裔美国人，4.3% 白人/欧洲裔美国人，7.2% 美洲原住民/美洲印第安人，21.7% 多种族，2.9% 其他）。结果支持了这样的假设，即无家可归的看护者会与年幼的孩子一起参与 ERS，看护者更多地关注文化社会化，而不是为偏见或促进不信任做准备。由 2 位父母为户主的家庭，他们有工作，有更多的孩子，参与了更多的文化社会化。偏见的准备与孩子的种族（黑人）、年龄、较高的语言能力和更多的兄弟姐妹有关，而促进不信任与父母的属性（例如，年龄较大、教育程度较低）有关。出乎意料的是，ERS 与父母的收入、痛苦或感知到的社区歧视或儿童性别无关。