Background and Hypothesis Heightened stress levels in individuals with psychosis (PSY) are associated with psychotic symptom occurrence and may be partially attributed to well-established deficits in resting-state heart rate variability (HRV) and emotion regulation. In healthy participants, resting-state HRV and self-reported emotion regulation skills have been linked to recovery after a stressor; however, it is unclear whether stress recovery is altered in PSY. Thus, we compared the autonomic and subjective recovery of PSY to healthy controls (HC) and investigated the predictive value of resting-state HRV and emotion regulation skills. Study Design We assessed resting-state HRV and self-reported emotion regulation one week prior to a combined physical and cognitive stress induction. After the stress exposure, we assessed the autonomic (decrease in heart rate [HR], increase in HRV) and subjective (decrease in subjective stress and negative affect) recovery in PSY (n = 50) and HC (n = 50) over 60 min. Study Results Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed the expected interaction of time × group for subjective stress but not negative affect or autonomic stress. Resting-state HRV predicted recovery of HR, and emotion regulation skills predicted recovery of HRV but not of the other parameters. Conclusions Although subjective stress recovery was delayed in PSY, the absence of autonomic recovery deficits suggests that a prolonged stress response may not contribute to heightened stress levels to the expected extent. Improving resting-state HRV and emotion regulation may support autonomic recovery, but further investigation is required to test the impact of such improvements on psychotic symptoms.

中文翻译：

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压力后的恢复——与健康对照组相比，精神病患者的自主和主观唤醒

背景和假设 精神病患者 (PSY) 的压力水平升高与精神病症状的发生有关，并且可能部分归因于已确立的静息状态心率变异性 (HRV) 和情绪调节缺陷。在健康参与者中，静息状态 HRV 和自我报告的情绪调节技能与压力源后的恢复有关；然而，尚不清楚 PSY 中的压力恢复是否会改变。因此，我们将 PSY 的自主和主观恢复与健康对照组 (HC) 进行了比较，并研究了静息状态 HRV 和情绪调节技能的预测价值。研究设计 我们在综合身体和认知压力诱导前一周评估了静息状态 HRV 和自我报告的情绪调节。压力暴露后，我们在 60 分钟内评估了 PSY (n = 50) 和 HC (n = 50) 的自主神经（心率 [HR] 降低，HRV 增加）和主观（主观压力和负面影响的减少）恢复。研究结果重复测量方差分析揭示了时间×组对主观压力的预期相互作用，但没有负面影响或自主压力。静息状态 HRV 预测 HR 的恢复，而情绪调节技能预测 HRV 的恢复，但不预测其他参数的恢复。结论 尽管 PSY 中主观压力恢复延迟，但没有自主恢复缺陷表明，长时间的压力反应可能不会导致压力水平升高到预期的程度。改善静息状态 HRV 和情绪调节可能支持自主神经恢复，