Chagas disease and Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) are caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, T. brucei rhodesiense or T. b. gambiense parasites, respectively; while Leishmania is caused by parasites from the Leishmania genus. In recent years, many efforts have been addressed to develop inhibitors against these parasites, especially nitro-containing derivatives, which can interfere with essential enzymes from the protozoa. In this review, all anti-Trypanosomatidae nitrocompounds reported so far are shown herein, highlighting their activities and SAR analyses, providing all the benefits and problems associated with this ambiguous chemical group. Finally, this review paper will be useful for many research teams around the world, which are searching for novel trypanocidal and leishmanicidal agents.

南美锥虫病和人类非洲锥虫病 (HAT) 由克氏锥虫、T. brucei rhodesiense 或 T. b. 引起。冈比亚寄生虫；而利什曼原虫是由利什曼原虫属的寄生虫引起的。近年来，人们致力于开发针对这些寄生虫的抑制剂，尤其是含硝基的衍生物，它们会干扰原生动物的必需酶。在这篇综述中，迄今为止报告的所有抗锥虫科硝基化合物都在此显示，突出了它们的活性和 SAR 分析，提供了与这个模棱两可的化学组相关的所有好处和问题。最后，这篇评论论文将对世界各地正在寻找新型杀锥虫和利什曼杀虫剂的许多研究团队有用。