Phase change materials (PCMs) reduce energy consumption and improve indoor thermal comfort in buildings. Various numerical models have been developed to evaluate the thermal performance of the PCMs integrated into building enclosures. To remain computationally efficient, these models typically adopt a trade-off between the ability to investigate complex and realistic configurations and the prediction accuracy of the heat transfer associated with the phase change. This study developed a model to simulate a room with three-dimensional heat conduction in PCM-integrated walls and to analyze the surface heat balances with high resolution. The model was validated using experimental data of a passive solar test cell with a non-uniform and dynamic thermal environment. The model was then applied to investigate the PCMs integrated into the test cell during the summer. The PCM with a narrow phase change temperature range and a thickness of approximately 10mm was highly effective in reducing the indoor temperature fluctuations; the peak surface temperature was reduced by up to 6°C in the sun patch, and the operative temperature fluctuations decreased by up to 2.6°C. The PCM integration could be limited to the sun patch trajectory on the wall surfaces to optimize its utilization and limit the installation cost.

相变材料 (PCM) 可降低能耗并提高建筑物的室内热舒适度。已经开发了各种数值模型来评估集成到建筑外壳中的 PCM 的热性能。为了保持计算效率，这些模型通常在研究复杂和现实配置的能力与与相变相关的热传递的预测精度之间进行权衡。本研究开发了一个模型来模拟房间在 PCM 集成墙壁中的三维热传导，并以高分辨率分析表面热平衡。该模型使用具有非均匀和动态热环境的无源太阳能测试电池的实验数据进行了验证。然后将该模型应用于研究夏季集成到测试单元中的 PCM。相变温度范围窄、厚度约为 10mm 的 PCM 对降低室内温度波动非常有效；太阳区的峰值表面温度降低了多达 6°C，操作温度波动降低了多达 2.6°C。PCM 集成可以限制在墙面上的太阳补丁轨迹，以优化其利用率并限制安装成本。6℃。PCM 集成可以限制在墙面上的太阳补丁轨迹，以优化其利用率并限制安装成本。6℃。PCM 集成可以限制在墙面上的太阳补丁轨迹，以优化其利用率并限制安装成本。