The state of Oaxaca is one of the most geologically complex and diverse in Mexico. It comprises five tectonostratigraphic terranes of contrasting nature that form a sort of tectonic collage where several magmatic pulses were developed. The different lithological assemblages of Oaxaca favored the generation of a variety of ore deposit types, some of which have been a prime source of several commodities for centuries. This paper addresses the time-space relationship between ore deposits and tectono-magmatic events, based upon the available descriptions and radiometric ages. Most Meso-to Neoproterozoic ore deposits of Mexico occur in this region, and were formed during the regional granulite-facies metamorphic stage(s) recorded in the Oaxacan Complex. Such deposits are rare element-bearing pegmatites, nelsonites (ilmenite-apatite rich rocks), Ti-rich anorthosites, and pegmatites. The Oaxacan Complex also hosts a number of orogenic gold lodes that were likely formed in more than a single metamorphic episode and still require additional research to clarify their age and geological affiliation.

The onset of arc-related magmatism in the Late Carboniferous-Permian is recorded by the intrusion of the calc-alkaline Zaniza, Cuanana and Honduras batholiths, along with several minor deformed and undeformed bodies enclosed in the Oaxacan Complex. Little is known about the metallogeny associated with such magmatism. Although supra-subduction magmatism re-initiated in the Jurassic and is probably responsible for the San Juan Mazatlán Cu porphyry, most of the metallogeny of Oaxaca is tightly linked to the Sierra Madre del Sur (SMS) igneous province, which began in Jalisco by the Late Cretaceous and migrated to the SE until it reached the Isthmus of Tehuantepec by the Middle Miocene. In Oaxaca, the Oligocene-Miocene coastal belt of granitic-granodioritic intrusions accounts for some IOCG deposits, especially in its easternmost portion, which then continues to the Coastal Chiapanecan Neogene batholithic belt.

In W-NW Oaxaca, the intracontinental igneous province of the SMS marked the beginning of Cenozoic magmatism and is represented by thick volcanic-hypabyssal successions along with minor intrusions, with which copious magmatic-hydrothermal deposits are associated. Early Eocene and mid-Oligocene volcanism is restricted to the western half of the state, where basic-to intermediate-composition effusive products occur in the Mixteca and western Oaxaca tectonostratigraphic terranes. During this time span, many low-to intermediate-sulfidation epithermal, Fe-rich (IOCG) and polymetallic skarn deposits were produced. However, the “boom” in magmatic-hydrothermal mineralizations occurred during the terminal pulses of the SMS volcanism (Miocene), which comprise profuse intermediate volcanic rocks capped by the outburst of silicic magmatism. The early-to mid-Miocene event constitutes the most prominent in terms of metal endowment and diversity of ore deposit types, accounting for about 250 deposits and occurrences in the central and near-eastern portions of the state, which are ascribed to low-to intermediate-sulfidation epithermal, sulfide skarns, IOCG “clan” and Cu(–Mo) porphyry types. Among these, epithermal deposits are, by far, the most abundant type.

Recent Ti-rich beach deposits and Au alluvial placers are present in southern and easternmost Oaxaca, respectively. In addition, supergene enrichment zones and uneconomic laterites occurrences are found in some localities.

Oaxacan ore deposits can be grouped into five major metallogenic epochs: 1) Meso-Neoproterozoic REE-Th-U-Ti deposits and, possibly, orogenic gold lodes during the Olmecan-Zapotecan events (assembly of Rodinia); 2) feasible late Carboniferous-Permian (?) orogenic gold deposits; 3) early Eocene Ag–Au–Pb–Zn–Fe deposits during the onset of the SMS volcanic activity; 4) mid-Oligocene Ag–Pb–Zn–Sb–Hg–Fe(-Au) deposits during effusive-dominated pulses of the SMS volcanism; and 5) early-to mid-Miocene Au–Ag–Pb–Zn–Cu–Fe(-Mo-Sb) deposits during the termination of the SMS magmatism. The existence of a wealth of ore deposits with varying features underlines the economic potential of metallogenetic provinces and epochs in Oaxaca and exalts the necessity to expand the knowledge regarding the tectonic-magmatic-metallogenic evolution of the state.

瓦哈卡州是墨西哥地质最复杂和多样化的州之一。它由五个具有对比性质的构造地层地体组成，形成一种构造拼贴画，其中发展了几个岩浆脉冲。瓦哈卡不同的岩性组合有利于产生各种矿床类型，其中一些矿床几个世纪以来一直是几种商品的主要来源。本文根据现有的描述和辐射年龄，探讨了矿床与构造岩浆事件之间的时空关系。墨西哥中、新元古代的矿床大部分产于该地区，形成于瓦哈卡杂岩体记录的区域麻粒岩相变质阶段。此类矿床含稀有元素伟晶岩、纳尔逊岩（富含钛铁矿-磷灰石的岩石）、富钛斜长岩和伟晶岩。Oaxacan Complex 还拥有许多造山带金矿脉，这些矿脉很可能在不止一次变质事件中形成，仍需要进一步研究以阐明它们的年龄和地质归属。

钙碱性 Zaniza、Cuanana 和洪都拉斯地基的侵入记录了晚石炭世-二叠纪与弧有关的岩浆作用的发生，以及包围在 Oaxacan 杂岩体中的几个轻微变形和未变形体。关于与这种岩浆作用相关的成矿作用知之甚少。尽管超俯冲岩浆作用在侏罗纪重新开始，并且可能是造成圣胡安马萨特兰铜斑岩的原因，但瓦哈卡的大部分成矿与南马德雷德尔 (SMS)火成岩省密切相关，该省始于哈利斯科晚白垩世向东南迁移，直到中新世到达特万特佩克地峡. 在瓦哈卡，渐新世-中新世花岗岩-花岗闪长岩侵入体的沿海带占了一些 IOCG 矿床，特别是在其最东部，然后继续延伸到沿海恰帕内坎新近系岩石带。

在 W-NW 瓦哈卡州，SMS 的陆内火成区标志着新生代岩浆活动的开始，其特征是厚厚的火山-下海底层序和少量侵入体，与丰富的岩浆-热液沉积物有关。始新世早期和渐新世中期火山活动仅限于该州的西半部，其中基本到中间成分的溢流产品出现在 Mixteca 和瓦哈卡西部构造地层中。在此期间，生产了许多低到中度硫化的浅成热液、富铁 (IOCG) 和多金属矽卡岩矿床。然而，岩浆热液矿化的“繁荣”发生在 SMS 火山活动（中新世）的末期脉冲期间，其中包括大量被硅质岩浆喷发覆盖的中间火山岩。中新世早中期事件在金属禀赋和矿床类型多样性方面最为突出，占该州中部和近东部地区约 250 个矿床和矿点，属于低至中间硫化超热液，硫化矽卡岩、IOCG“氏族”和Cu(-Mo)斑岩类型。其中，浅成热液矿床是迄今为止最丰富的类型。

最近的富钛海滩沉积物和金冲积砂矿分别出现在瓦哈卡州南部和最东部。此外，部分地区还发现表生富集区和不经济红土矿点。

Oaxacan 矿床可分为五个主要成矿时代： 1）中新元古代 REE-Th-U-Ti 矿床，可能还有 Olmecan-Zapotecan 事件（Rodinia 组装）期间的造山金矿脉；2) 可行的晚石炭-二叠纪(?)造山金矿床；3) SMS 火山活动开始时的早始新世 Ag-Au-Pb-Zn-Fe 矿床；4) 中渐新世 Ag–Pb–Zn–Sb–Hg–Fe(-Au) 沉积在 SMS 火山喷流为主的脉冲期间；5) SMS 岩浆作用终止过程中早至中新世 Au–Ag–Pb–Zn–Cu–Fe(-Mo-Sb) 矿床。丰富的具有不同特征的矿床的存在突出了瓦哈卡成矿省和时代的经济潜力，并强调了扩展有关该州构造-岩浆-成矿演化知识的必要性。