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Pharmacognostic standardization of Xanthium spinosum L. through scanning electron microscopy and analytical techniques
Microscopy Research and Technique ( IF 2.0 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-22 , DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24224 Shabana 1 , Barkatullah 1 , Muhammad Nafees 2
Microscopy Research and Technique ( IF 2.0 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-22 , DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24224 Shabana 1 , Barkatullah 1 , Muhammad Nafees 2
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The present study was intended to evaluate the pharmacognostic attributes including macroscopy, microscopy, physico-chemical and phytochemical screening of the aerial part of Xanthium spinosum, belonging to family Asteraceae. Morphologically, the leaf was covered with sparsely scattered non-glandular, multicellular hair on adaxial surface, while abaxial surface was reported with dense silvery furs. Leaf showed lamphystomatic nature bearing anomocytic stomata. Various other leaf constant values like vein islets number, vein termination number and palisade cell ratio were also observed and recorded as 4.36 ± 0.5, 3.36 ± 0.5, and 11.82 ± 2.04, respectively. Cross section of the stem showed typical dicot anatomy differentiated into a single epidermal layer followed by few rows of collenchyma cells, thin-walled parenchyma cells followed by closed and collateral vascular bundles having prephloemic sheaths and a central pith. Light and scanning electron microscopy of the powdered drug revealed a variety of tissues and cells fragments having different measurements. Fluorescence analysis of the fine powder treated with different reagents revealed a variety of colors implying as a sign for the presence of various biochemical constituents. Highest and lowest percent extractive value was found in methanol and distilled water which were 29.10% and 9.80%, respectively. Qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of various secondary metabolites like flavonoids, phenols, tannins, glycosides, phytosterols, glycosides, saponins, and coumarins, while quantitative phytochemical screening detected maximum quantity of flavonoids in chloroform followed by methanol and ethyl acetate. The aforementioned studies have been reported first time for the said species, which may be helpful for the standardization of the current taxon.
中文翻译：
通过扫描电子显微镜和分析技术对 Xanthium spinosum L. 进行生药学标准化
本研究旨在评估苍耳地上部分的生药学属性，包括肉眼观察、显微镜检查、物理化学和植物化学筛选, 属于菊科。从形态上看，叶子正面覆盖着稀疏散布的非腺体多细胞毛发，而背面据报道有致密的银色毛皮。叶表现出带有异常细胞气孔的 lamphystomatic 性质。还观察到各种其他叶常数值，如静脉胰岛数、静脉终止数和栅栏细胞比率，分别记录为 4.36 ± 0.5、3.36 ± 0.5 和 11.82 ± 2.04。茎的横截面显示典型的双子叶植物解剖结构分化为单个表皮层，随后是几排厚壁细胞、薄壁薄壁细胞，随后是具有前韧皮部鞘和中央髓的闭合和侧支维管束。粉末状药物的光学和扫描电子显微镜显示具有不同测量值的各种组织和细胞碎片。对用不同试剂处理过的细粉进行荧光分析显示出多种颜色，这表明存在各种生化成分。在甲醇和蒸馏水中发现最高和最低的提取值百分比，分别为 29.10% 和 9.80%。定性植物化学筛选显示存在各种次级代谢产物，如类黄酮、酚类、单宁酸、糖苷、植物甾醇、苷、皂苷和香豆素，而定量植物化学筛选检测到氯仿中黄酮类化合物含量最高，其次是甲醇和乙酸乙酯。上述研究为该物种首次报道，
更新日期：2022-08-22
中文翻译：
通过扫描电子显微镜和分析技术对 Xanthium spinosum L. 进行生药学标准化
本研究旨在评估苍耳地上部分的生药学属性，包括肉眼观察、显微镜检查、物理化学和植物化学筛选, 属于菊科。从形态上看，叶子正面覆盖着稀疏散布的非腺体多细胞毛发，而背面据报道有致密的银色毛皮。叶表现出带有异常细胞气孔的 lamphystomatic 性质。还观察到各种其他叶常数值，如静脉胰岛数、静脉终止数和栅栏细胞比率，分别记录为 4.36 ± 0.5、3.36 ± 0.5 和 11.82 ± 2.04。茎的横截面显示典型的双子叶植物解剖结构分化为单个表皮层，随后是几排厚壁细胞、薄壁薄壁细胞，随后是具有前韧皮部鞘和中央髓的闭合和侧支维管束。粉末状药物的光学和扫描电子显微镜显示具有不同测量值的各种组织和细胞碎片。对用不同试剂处理过的细粉进行荧光分析显示出多种颜色，这表明存在各种生化成分。在甲醇和蒸馏水中发现最高和最低的提取值百分比，分别为 29.10% 和 9.80%。定性植物化学筛选显示存在各种次级代谢产物，如类黄酮、酚类、单宁酸、糖苷、植物甾醇、苷、皂苷和香豆素，而定量植物化学筛选检测到氯仿中黄酮类化合物含量最高，其次是甲醇和乙酸乙酯。上述研究为该物种首次报道，
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