Pulmonary microbial diversity may be influenced by biotic or abiotic conditions (e.g., disease, smoking, invasive mechanical ventilation (MV), etc.). Specially, invasive MV may trigger structural and physiological changes in both tissue and microbiota of lung, due to gastric and oral microaspiration, altered body posture, high O2 inhalation-induced O2 toxicity in hypoxemic patients, impaired airway clearance and ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), which in turn reduce the diversity of the pulmonary microbiota and may ultimately lead to poor prognosis. Furthermore, changes in (local) O2 concentration can reduce the diversity of the pulmonary microbiota by affecting the local immune microenvironment of lung. In conclusion, systematic literature studies have found that invasive MV reduces pulmonary microbiota diversity, and future rational regulation of pulmonary microbiota diversity by existing or novel clinical tools (e.g., lung probiotics, drugs) may improve the prognosis of invasive MV treatment and lead to more effective treatment of lung diseases with precision.

中文翻译：

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有创机械通气对肺微生物群多样性的影响

肺微生物多样性可能受到生物或非生物条件（例如疾病、吸烟、有创机械通气（MV）等）的影响。特别是，由于胃和口腔微吸入、身体姿势改变、低氧血症患者吸入高浓度 O2 引起的 O2 毒性、气道清除受损和呼吸机引起的肺损伤，侵入性 MV 可能引发肺组织和微生物群的结构和生理变化。 VILI），这反过来会降低肺部微生物群的多样性，最终可能导致预后不良。此外，（局部）O2浓度的变化可以通过影响肺的局部免疫微环境来降低肺微生物群的多样性。总之，系统的文献研究发现，侵入性 MV 降低了肺部微生物群的多样性，