Immunotherapy based on disruption of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis is standard of care for many high stage malignancies including melanomas, non-small cell carcinomas of the lung, triple negative breast carcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Eligibility for immunotherapy requires immunohistochemical assessment of PD-L1 expression. Currently, many high stage malignancies are diagnosed by cytology and cytologic material is the only specimen available for ancillary testing. Formal guidelines do not currently exist defining the optimal specimen type, antibody to be used or the best scoring system for cytologic material. Significant information has been published for PD-L1 testing of pulmonary specimens but much less data exists for the reproducibility, accuracy and best practices for material obtained from other body sites and types of malignancy.

中文翻译：

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PD-L1免疫组织化学检测：参考细胞学标本的综述

基于破坏 PD-1/PD-L1 轴的免疫疗法是许多晚期恶性肿瘤的标准治疗方法，包括黑色素瘤、肺癌的非小细胞癌、三阴性乳腺癌和头颈部鳞状细胞癌。免疫治疗的资格需要对 PD-L1 表达进行免疫组织化学评估。目前，许多晚期恶性肿瘤是通过细胞学诊断的，细胞学材料是唯一可用于辅助检测的标本。目前不存在定义最佳标本类型、要使用的抗体或细胞学材料的最佳评分系统的正式指南。肺部标本 PD-L1 检测的重要信息已经发布，但可重复性的数据要少得多，