Host plant expansion is an important survival strategy for tephritids as they expand their range. Successful host expansion requires tephritids to adapt to the chemical and nonchemical properties of a novel host fruit, such as fruit color, phenology, and phytochemicals. These plant properties trigger a series of processes in tephritids, with each process having its own genetic basis, which means that various genes are involved in regulating host plant expansion by tephritids. This review summarizes current knowledge on the categories and roles of genes involved in host plant expansion in several important tephritid species, including genes related to chemoreception (olfactory and gustation), vision, digestion, detoxification, development, ribosomal and energy metabolism. Chemoreception- and detoxification- and digestion-related genes are stimulated by volatile chemicals and secondary chemicals of different hosts, respectively, which are involved in the regulation of nervous signal transduction that triggers behavioral, physical, and chemical responses to the novel host fruit. Vision-, nerve-, and development-related genes and metabolism-associated genes are activated in response to nonchemical stimuli from different hosts, such as color and phenology, to regulate a comprehensive adaptation of the extending host for tephritids. The chemical and nonchemical signals of hosts activate ribosomal and energy-related genes that result in the basic regulation of many processes of host expansion, including detoxification and development. These genes do not regulate novel host use individually, but multiple genes regulate multilevel adaptation to novel host fruits via multiple mechanisms. These genes may also be potential target genes for RNAi-based control of tephritid pests.

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基因在调控实蝇（双翅目）宿主植物扩张中的作用和基于 RNAi 的控制潜力

宿主植物的扩张是一种重要的生存策略，因为它们扩大了它们的范围。成功的寄主扩张需要菌种适应新寄主果实的化学和非化学特性，例如果实颜色、物候和植物化学物质。这些植物特性触发了菌类中的一系列过程，每个过程都有其自身的遗传基础，这意味着各种基因参与调节菌类的宿主植物扩张。这篇综述总结了当前关于几种重要的菌种中与宿主植物扩增有关的基因的类别和作用的知识，包括与化学感受（嗅觉和味觉）、视觉、消化、解毒、发育、核糖体和能量代谢相关的基因。化学感受和解毒和消化相关基因分别受到不同宿主的挥发性化学物质和次级化学物质的刺激，它们参与调节神经信号转导，从而触发对新宿主果实的行为、物理和化学反应。视觉、神经和发育相关基因和代谢相关基因响应来自不同宿主的非化学刺激（如颜色和物候学）而被激活，以调节扩展宿主对 tephritids 的全面适应。宿主的化学和非化学信号激活核糖体和与能量相关的基因，从而对宿主扩展的许多过程进行基本调节，包括解毒和发育。这些基因不单独调节新宿主的使用，但多个基因通过多种机制调节对新寄主果实的多层次适应。这些基因也可能是基于 RNAi 的控制害虫的潜在靶基因。