The state estimation and sensor placement for a continuous pulp digester with delayed measurements are investigated. The underlying model of interest is heat transfer in a pulp digester modeled by two coupled hyperbolic partial differential equations and an ordinary differential equation. Output measurements are considered with delay due to the possible low sampling rate. The Cayley–Tustin transformation is utilized to realize model time discretization in a late lumping manner which does not account for any type of spatial approximation or model reduction. The discrete Kalman filter is applied to estimate the system states using the delayed measurements. The selection of sensor location is addressed along with estimator design accounting for the delayed measurements and investigated by minimizing the variance of estimation error. The performance of the state estimator is evaluated, and the sensor placement is analyzed through simulation studies, which offers a planning view of sensor location in industrial applications.

中文翻译：

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延迟测量的连续纸浆蒸煮器的传感器位置选择

研究了具有延迟测量的连续纸浆蒸煮器的状态估计和传感器放置。感兴趣的基础模型是纸浆蒸煮器中的热传递，由两个耦合的双曲偏微分方程和一个常微分方程建模。由于可能的低采样率，输出测量被考虑延迟。Cayley-Tustin 变换用于以后期集总方式实现模型时间离散化，这种方式不考虑任何类型的空间逼近或模型缩减。离散卡尔曼滤波器用于使用延迟测量来估计系统状态。传感器位置的选择与考虑延迟测量的估计器设计一起解决，并通过最小化估计误差的方差来研究。