The complex microstructure of the surrounding porous rock of a tunnel has a significant influence on tunnel leakage. However, traditional tunnel leakage models are rarely able to quantify the interactions between the microstructure and macroscopic parameters of the surrounding porous rock of a tunnel, and the influence of the microstructure evolution on tunnel leakage. In order to quantify the contribution of the surrounding rock microstructure to leakage, a model capable of investigating the interaction between the evolution of microstructure and tunnel leakage behavior under the action of multi-physical fields is established based on fractal theory. The model couples the evolution of microstructure with the stress effect, adsorption–desorption effect, water pressure effect and surrounding rock deformation during tunnel leakage. The accuracy of the model is verified against experimental results, and the contribution of the surrounding porous rock pore size and pore distribution to tunnel water leakage is investigated. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical guidance for a reasonably accurate study of the tunnel leakage mechanism.

隧道围岩的复杂微观结构对隧道渗漏有显着影响。然而，传统的隧道渗漏模型很难量化隧道围岩的微观结构与宏观参数之间的相互作用，以及微观结构演化对隧道渗漏的影响。为了量化围岩微观结构对渗漏的贡献，基于分形理论建立了一个能够研究多物理场作用下微观结构演化与隧道渗漏行为相互作用的模型。该模型将微观结构的演变与隧道渗漏过程中的应力效应、吸附-解吸效应、水压效应和围岩变形耦合起来。通过实验结果验证了模型的准确性，研究了围岩孔隙尺寸和孔隙分布对隧道漏水的影响。本研究为合理准确地研究隧道渗漏机理提供了理论依据和技术指导。