This study presents the breakup characteristics of gelled kerosene droplets in medium-speed airstream using high-speed visualization and image processing. An experimental platform is established, and three kinds of kerosene gels with different concentrations of nano-silica gallant (1, 2, and 3 wt%) are prepared. The breakup process is tracked and photographed under the different Weber and Ohnesorge numbers (82 < We < 691, 0.00096 < Oh < 1.34). The breakup modes and behaviors, deformation characteristics, and temporal and spatial distribution are explored and analyzed in detail, and compared to liquid kerosene droplets. Droplet viscosity and corresponding Oh number are calculated applying a shear-rate control parameter. The results show two breakup behaviors called "shear-stripping mode" and "catastrophic mode," and for each mode the breakup process of the three kinds of gelled droplets is similar to liquid kerosene. Compared with 1%, 2% kerosene gel and liquid kerosene, 3% gelled kerosene has a higher transition We number due to its evidently increased viscosity. The maximum deformations of liquid kerosene and gelled kerosene droplets are largely between 2 and 3.5 which display a random variation with We number. The initial breakup time locates near the value of 1.59 for all the four droplets. The total-to-initial breakup time ratio of gelled kerosene decreases with Oh number increasing and then tends to be a constant which is very close to Newtonian fluid. The distribution area of the child droplets is enlarged with We number enhanced but is shrunken as gellant concentration is improved.

中文翻译：

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中速气流中胶凝煤油液滴破碎特性的实验研究

本研究使用高速可视化和图像处理展示了中速气流中胶凝煤油液滴的破碎特性。搭建了实验平台，制备了三种不同浓度的纳米二氧化硅镓（1、2、3 wt%）煤油凝胶。在不同的 Weber 和 Ohnesorge 数（82 < We < 691, 0.00096 < Oh < 1.34）下跟踪和拍摄分手过程。详细探索和分析了破碎模式和行为、变形特征以及时空分布，并与液态煤油液滴进行了比较。应用剪切速率控制参数计算液滴粘度和相应的 Oh 数。结果显示了两种破裂行为，称为“剪切剥离模式”和“灾难性模式” 并且对于每种模式，三种凝胶液滴的分解过程类似于液体煤油。与1%、2%煤油凝胶和液体煤油相比，3%凝胶煤油由于其粘度明显增加而具有更高的转变We number。液态煤油和胶凝煤油液滴的最大变形量主要在 2 到 3.5 之间，随 We 数随机变化。所有四个液滴的初始破裂时间都位于值 1.59 附近。胶凝煤油的总解体时间与初始解体时间之比随着Oh数的增加而减小，然后趋于接近牛顿流体的一个常数。子液滴的分布区域随着We数的增加而扩大，但随着胶凝剂浓度的提高而缩小。