Osteoarthritis (OA) is among the most common diseases affecting both axial and appendicular joints and the lead cause of disability worldwide. OA incidence is rising due to extended life expectancy and the increasing obesity epidemic. Several joint interventions are available to manage pain and joint function in patients with OA, most of these treatments being widely applied using intra-articular injections. In this chapter, we will describe the different joint interventions available for the management of pain in OA focusing on intra-articular injections, including discussion on the evidence regarding the efficacy of these treatments, based on the most recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses available. We also discuss the importance of imaging in guiding these treatments, including the different imaging modalities available for intra-articular injection guidance, their advantages, and disadvantages. Finally, we briefly discuss safety data and the consensus regarding the most used intra-articular treatments to manage pain in OA.

骨关节炎 (OA) 是影响中轴关节和阑尾关节的最常见疾病之一，也是全世界残疾的主要原因。由于预期寿命的延长和肥胖流行病的增加，OA 发病率正在上升。有几种关节干预措施可用于控制 OA 患者的疼痛和关节功能，其中大多数治疗方法都通过关节内注射得到广泛应用。在本章中，我们将根据现有的最新系统评价和荟萃分析，描述可用于管理 OA 疼痛的不同联合干预措施，重点是关节内注射，包括讨论有关这些治疗效果的证据. 我们还讨论了成像在指导这些治疗中的重要性，包括可用于关节内注射引导的不同成像方式、它们的优点和缺点。最后，我们简要讨论安全数据和关于最常用的关节内治疗来控制 OA 疼痛的共识。