Respiratory rhythms sustain biological life, governing the homeostatic exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Until recently, however, the influence of breathing on the brain has largely been overlooked. Yet new evidence demonstrates that the act of breathing exerts a substantive, rhythmic influence on perception, emotion, and cognition, largely through the direct modulation of neural oscillations. Here, we synthesize these findings to motivate a new predictive coding model of respiratory brain coupling, in which breathing rhythmically modulates both local and global neural gain, to optimize cognitive and affective processing. Our model further explains how respiratory rhythms interact with the topology of the functional connectome, and we highlight key implications for the computational psychiatry of disordered respiratory and interoceptive inference.

中文翻译：

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预测性思维的呼吸节律。

呼吸节律维持生物生命，控制氧气和二氧化碳的稳态交换。然而，直到最近，呼吸对大脑的影响在很大程度上还被忽视了。然而新的证据表明，呼吸行为对感知、情绪和认知产生实质性的、有节奏的影响，主要是通过神经振荡的直接调节。在这里，我们综合这些发现来激发呼吸大脑耦合的新预测编码模型，其中呼吸有节奏地调节局部和全局神经增益，以优化认知和情感处理。我们的模型进一步解释了呼吸节律如何与功能连接组的拓扑相互作用，