Drug Delivery and Translational Research ( IF 5.7 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-18 , DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01225-3 Marko Dimik 1 , Pevindu Abeysinghe 1 , Jayden Logan 1 , Murray Mitchell 2
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Exosomes are nano-vesicles (30–150 nm) which may be useful as therapeutic delivery vehicles and as diagnostic biomarkers. Exosomes are produced naturally within the human body and therefore are not prone to immunogenicity effects which would otherwise destroy unelicited foreign bodies. Clinically, they have been regarded as ideal candidates for applications relating to biomarker developments for the early detection of different diseases. Furthermore, exosomes may be of interest as potential drug delivery vehicles, which may improve factors such as bioavailability of loaded molecular cargo, side effect profiles, off-target effects, and pharmacokinetics of drug molecules. In this review, the therapeutic potential of exosomes and their use as clinical biomarkers for early diagnostics will be explored, alongside exosomes as therapeutic delivery vehicles. This review will evaluate techniques for cargo loading, and the capacity of loaded exosomes to improve various reproductive disease states. It becomes important, therefore, to consider factors such as loading efficiency, loading methods, cell viability, exosomal sources, exosome isolation, and the potential therapeutic benefits of exosomes. Issues related to targeted drug delivery will also be discussed. Finally, the variety of therapeutic cargo and the application of appropriate loading methods is explored, in the context of establishing clinical utility.
Graphical abstract
Exosomes have more recently been widely accpeted as potential tools for disease diagnostics and the targeted delivery of certain therapeutic molecules–and in due time exosomes will be utilised more commonly within the clinical setting. Specifically, exosomal biomarkers can be identified and related to various detrimental conditions which occur during pregnancy. Considering, this review will explore the potential future of exosomes as both diagnostic tools and therapeutic delivery vehicles to treat related conditions, including the challenges which exist towards incorporating exosomes within the clinical environment to benefit patients.
中文翻译：
外泌体：对当前人类生殖治疗作用和能力的回顾
外泌体是纳米囊泡 (30–150 nm)，可用作治疗性递送载体和诊断生物标志物。外泌体是在人体内自然产生的，因此不易产生免疫原性效应，否则会破坏不明异物。在临床上，它们被认为是与生物标志物开发相关的应用的理想候选者，用于早期检测不同的疾病。此外，外泌体作为潜在的药物输送载体可能会引起人们的兴趣，它可以改善诸如装载分子货物的生物利用度、副作用概况、脱靶效应和药物分子的药代动力学等因素。在这篇综述中，将探讨外泌体的治疗潜力及其作为早期诊断的临床生物标志物的用途，与外泌体一起作为治疗性运载工具。这篇综述将评估货物装载技术，以及装载的外泌体改善各种生殖疾病状态的能力。因此，考虑加载效率、加载方法、细胞活力、外泌体来源、外泌体分离和外泌体的潜在治疗益处等因素变得很重要。还将讨论与靶向给药相关的问题。最后，在建立临床效用的背景下，探讨了治疗货物的多样性和适当装载方法的应用。细胞活力、外泌体来源、外泌体分离以及外泌体的潜在治疗益处。还将讨论与靶向给药相关的问题。最后，在建立临床效用的背景下，探讨了治疗货物的多样性和适当装载方法的应用。细胞活力、外泌体来源、外泌体分离以及外泌体的潜在治疗益处。还将讨论与靶向给药相关的问题。最后，在建立临床效用的背景下，探讨了治疗货物的多样性和适当装载方法的应用。
图形概要
外泌体最近被广泛认为是疾病诊断和靶向递送某些治疗分子的潜在工具——在适当的时候，外泌体将在临床环境中得到更广泛的应用。具体而言，可以鉴定外泌体生物标志物并将其与怀孕期间发生的各种有害状况相关联。考虑到这一点，这篇综述将探讨外泌体作为诊断工具和治疗相关疾病的治疗载体的潜在未来，包括将外泌体纳入临床环境以造福患者所面临的挑战。
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