BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), eminently preventable nosocomial infections, are a substantial source of morbidity, mortality, and increased resource utilization in pediatric care. Racial or ethnic disparities in health outcomes have been demonstrated across an array of medical specialties and practices in pediatric patients. However, it is unknown whether disparities exist in the rate of CLABSIs. Our objective was to evaluate the trends in racial and ethnic disparities of CLABSIs over the past 5 years. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study using data from Pediatric Health Information System database collected from tertiary children's hospitals in the United States. Participants included 226 802 children (<18 years) admitted to the emergency department or inpatient ward between 2016 and 2021 who required central venous catheter placement. The primary outcome was risk-adjusted rate of CLABSI, occurring during the same admission, across race and ethnicity. RESULTS Of the 226 802 children, 121 156 (53.4%) were White, 40 589 (17.9%) were Black, and 43 374 (19.1%) were Hispanic. CLABSI rate decreased in all racial/ethnic groups over the study period, with the rates being consistently higher in Black (relative risk [RR], 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17-1.37; P < .01) and Hispanic children (RR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.08-1.26; P < .01) than in White children. There was no statistically significant evidence that gaps in CLABSI rate between racial/ethnic groups narrowed over time. CONCLUSIONS CLABSI rate was persistently higher among Black and Hispanic children than their White peers. These findings emphasize the need for future exploration of the causes of persistent racial and ethnic disparities in pediatric patients.

中文翻译：

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儿科中心静脉相关血流感染的种族/民族差异趋势。

背景和目标 中心静脉相关血流感染 (CLABSIs) 是可预防的医院感染，是儿科护理中发病率、死亡率和资源利用率增加的重要来源。已在儿科患者的一系列医学专业和实践中证明了健康结果的种族或民族差异。然而，尚不清楚 CLABSI 的比率是否存在差异。我们的目标是评估过去 5 年 CLABSI 的种族和民族差异趋势。方法 这是一项回顾性队列研究，使用从美国三级儿童医院收集的儿科健康信息系统数据库中的数据。参与者包括 226 802 名儿童（< 18 岁）在 2016 年至 2021 年期间住进急诊科或住院病房，需要放置中心静脉导管。主要结果是 CLABSI 的风险调整率，发生在同一入院期间，跨越种族和民族。结果 在 226 802 名儿童中，白人 121 156 人（53.4%），黑人 40 589 人（17.9%），西班牙裔 43 374 人（19.1%）。在研究期间，所有种族/族裔群体的 CLABSI 率均有所下降，黑人（相对风险 [RR]，1.27；95% 置信区间 [CI]，1.17-1.37；P < .01）和西班牙裔的比率始终较高儿童 (RR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.08-1.26; P < .01) 高于白人儿童。没有统计学上显着的证据表明种族/族裔群体之间的 CLABSI 率差距随着时间的推移而缩小。结论 黑人和西班牙裔儿童的 CLABSI 率持续高于白人儿童。这些发现强调了未来探索儿科患者持续种族和民族差异原因的必要性。