Developing alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction catalysts with ultra-low overpotential remains a significant challenge. In this paper, a three-dimensional porous Ru/α-MoC has been developed, which features the dual active sites of α-MoC and Ru. The coexistence of ultrafine Ru nanoparticles and Ru single atoms in Ru/α-MoC system is demonstrated by multiple structural characterizations. The fabricated Ru/α-MoC exhibits excellent alkaline HER activity with a low overpotential 25 mV at 10 mA cm⁻², outperforming commercial 20% Pt/C (45 mV), and robust electrocatalytic stability at an industrial-scale current density of 400 mA cm⁻². Particularly, the turnover frequency value reaches 39.2 s⁻¹ at the overpotential of 100 mV. Experiments and theory investigations demonstrate the electron redistribution at the interface of α-MoC and Ru. The synergistic effect of dual active sites enables the easy cleavage of H-OH bond and the optimal H adsorption energy simultaneously. This work opens up a feasible way to rationally design high-efficient electrocatalysts with dual active sites for typical multistep reactions.

开发具有超低过电位的碱性析氢反应催化剂仍然是一项重大挑战。本文开发了一种具有 α-MoC 和 Ru 双重活性位点的三维多孔 Ru/α-MoC。通过多种结构表征证明了超细Ru纳米颗粒和Ru单原子在Ru/α-MoC体系中的共存。制造的Ru/α-MoC表现出优异的碱性HER活性，在10 mA cm ^-2下具有25 mV的低过电位，优于商业20% Pt/C (45 mV)，并且在工业规模的电流密度为400时具有强大的电催化稳定性毫安厘米^-2。特别是周转频率值达到39.2 s ^-1在 100 mV 的过电位。实验和理论研究证明了α-MoC和Ru界面处的电子再分布。双活性位点的协同作用使H-OH键易于断裂，同时具有最佳的H吸附能。这项工作为合理设计用于典型多步反应的具有双活性位点的高效电催化剂开辟了一条可行的途径。