The real-time measurement of wind speed and direction in distributed locations is an important aspect of environmental monitoring. Wind sensors without an external power supply are desirable for ideal sensor systems. In this study, we demonstrate an omnidirectional wind-driven triboelectric nanogenerator that can be used as a self-powered wind sensor. The harvester consists of a flexible array of 12 flaps and a flat substrate. Aluminum and polytetrafluoroethylene are used as pairs of triboelectric materials on each surface. All flaps are plastically deformed to have a specific curvature in a single process, resulting in an upward curved triangle shape. When the flap array is oscillated by wind, energy is harvested through triboelectric energy conversion. The harvester can produce a constant output irrespective of the wind direction because the flaps are evenly located in the circumferential direction. Experiments confirm that the output voltage monotonically increases as the wind speed increases from 1.5 to 10 m/s, and it correlated with the angle between the wind and the flap. The maximum root-mean-square power density at a wind speed of 10 m/s is 0.76 mW/m², which is sufficient to operate a wireless environmental sensor system for monitoring temperature and atmospheric pressure. It is also demonstrated that the harvester can be used for self-powered wind monitoring, as the magnitude of the voltages generated by the 12 electrode pairs is dependent on the speed and direction of the wind.

在分布式位置实时测量风速和风向是环境监测的一个重要方面。理想的传感器系统需要没有外部电源的风传感器。在这项研究中，我们展示了一种全向风驱动摩擦纳米发电机，可用作自供电风传感器。收割机由一个灵活的 12 个襟翼阵列和一个平坦的基板组成。铝和聚四氟乙烯用作每个表面上的摩擦电材料对。所有襟翼都在一个过程中塑性变形以具有特定的曲率，从而形成向上弯曲的三角形形状。当襟翼阵列被风摆动时，通过摩擦电能转换来收集能量。无论风向如何，收割机都能产生恒定的输出，因为襟翼均匀地分布在圆周方向上。实验证实，随着风速从 1.5 增加到 10 m/s，输出电压单调增加，并且与风和襟翼之间的角度相关。风速为 10 m/s 时的最大均方根功率密度为 0.76 mW/m²，这足以操作用于监测温度和大气压力的无线环境传感器系统。还证明了收割机可用于自供电风力监测，因为 12 对电极产生的电压大小取决于风速和风向。