The recycling of low-grade thermal energy from our surroundings is an environmental-friendly approach to contribute to sustainability, which remains a grand challenge. Herein, a high-performance porous pyroelectric ceramic formed using carbon nanotubes (CNT) is designed and fabricated using a modified solid-state reaction technique. Localized characterization of PMN-PMS-PZT and PMN-PMS-PZT with 0.3 wt% CNT additions by piezoelectric force microscopy suggests that the presence of porosity and defects in grains can restrict the reversal of domains and weaken the local piezoresponse; that is due to the influence of porosity on the electric field, domain morphology, or screening effects induced by defects at the pore surface. More importantly, the porous ceramics showed enhanced figure of merits, including voltage responsibility and energy harvesting figure of merit, compared to the dense ceramic. The harvested energy increased by 208% when the 0.3 wt% of CNT was added to produce porosity, which has a potential application in thermal energy harvesting and sensing system.

从我们周围回收低品位热能是一种有助于可持续发展的环保方法，这仍然是一个巨大的挑战。在此，使用改进的固态反应技术设计和制造了一种使用碳纳米管 (CNT) 形成的高性能多孔热释电陶瓷。通过压电显微镜对添加 0.3 wt% CNT 的 PMN-PMS-PZT 和 PMN-PMS-PZT 的局部表征表明，晶粒中孔隙和缺陷的存在会限制畴的反转并削弱局部压电响应；这是由于孔隙率对电场、畴形态或孔表面缺陷引起的屏蔽效应的影响。更重要的是，多孔陶瓷表现出更高的品质因数，与致密陶瓷相比，包括电压责任和能量收集品质因数。当添加 0.3 wt% 的 CNT 以产生孔隙时，收集的能量增加了 208%，这在热能收集和传感系统中具有潜在的应用。