The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha has been utilized as a model for biological studies since the 18th century. In the past few decades, there has been a Renaissance in its utilization in genomic and genetic approaches to investigating physiological, developmental, and evolutionary aspects of land plant biology. The reasons for its adoption are similar to those of other genetic models, e.g. simple cultivation, ready access via its worldwide distribution, ease of crossing, facile genetics, and more recently, efficient transformation, genome editing, and genomic resources. The haploid gametophyte dominant life cycle of M. polymorpha is conducive to forward genetic approaches. The lack of ancient whole-genome duplications within liverworts facilitates reverse genetic approaches, and possibly related to this genomic stability, liverworts possess sex chromosomes that evolved in the ancestral liverwort. As a representative of one of the three bryophyte lineages, its phylogenetic position allows comparative approaches to provide insights into ancestral land plants. Given the karyotype and genome stability within liverworts, the resources developed for M. polymorpha have facilitated the development of related species as models for biological processes lacking in M. polymorpha.

中文翻译：

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Marchantia作为模型系统的复兴和启蒙

自 18 世纪以来，地钱已被用作生物学研究的模型。在过去的几十年里，它在基因组和遗传方法中用于研究陆生植物生物学的生理、发育和进化方面发生了复兴。采用它的原因与其他遗传模型的原因相似，例如简单的栽培、通过其全球分布易于获取、易于杂交、易于遗传学，以及最近的高效转化、基因组编辑和基因组资源。M. polymorpha 的单倍体配子体占优势的生命周期有利于正向遗传方法。地艾中缺乏古老的全基因组重复有助于反向遗传方法，并且可能与这种基因组稳定性有关，地钱具有在祖先地钱中进化的性染色体。作为三个苔藓植物谱系之一的代表，它的系统发育位置允许比较方法来提供对祖先陆地植物的见解。鉴于地钱的核型和基因组稳定性，为 M. polymorpha 开发的资源促进了相关物种的发展，作为 M. polymorpha 缺乏的生物过程的模型。