Soluble and stable symmetric tetrazines as anolytes in redox flow batteries,Journal of Materials Chemistry A

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Soluble and stable symmetric tetrazines as anolytes in redox flow batteries
Journal of Materials Chemistry A ( IF 10.7 ) Pub Date : 2022-08-18 , DOI: 10.1039/d2ta04515j
Gloria D. De La Garza _{1,

2} , Aman Preet Kaur _{2,

3} , Ilya A. Shkrob _{2,

4} , Lily A. Robertson _{2,

4} , Susan A. Odom _{2,

3} , Anne J. McNeil _{1,

2,

5}

Affiliation

Nonaqueous redox flow batteries are a promising technology for grid-scale energy storage, however, their commercial success relies on identifying redox-active materials that exhibit extreme potentials, high solubilities in all states of charge, and long cycling stabilities. Meeting these requirements has been particularly challenging for molecules capable of storing negative charge. Within this context, tetrazines remain unexplored despite their unique structural properties that enable them to meet some of these challenges. Herein, we prepared symmetric s-tetrazines substituted with methyl, methoxy, and thiomethyl substituents and evaluated their electrochemical properties, solubility, and cycling stability. These studies revealed that highly soluble 3,6-dimethoxy-s-tetrazine undergoes a reversible one-electron reduction to generate a stable (t_1/2 > 1240 h) radical anion. When implemented in a lab-scale symmetric flow cell (0.125 M), it exhibited a relatively slow capacity fade of 8% over 50 cycles (17 h). Given their high solubility and cycling stability, we believe that s-tetrazine derivatives should be further explored for nonaqueous redox flow batteries.

中文翻译：

可溶且稳定的对称四嗪作为氧化还原液流电池的阳极液

非水氧化还原液流电池是一种很有前途的电网规模储能技术，然而，它们的商业成功依赖于识别出具有极高电位、在所有充电状态下均具有高溶解度和长循环稳定性的氧化还原活性材料。对于能够存储负电荷的分子来说，满足这些要求尤其具有挑战性。在这种情况下，尽管四嗪具有独特的结构特性，使它们能够应对其中的一些挑战，但它们仍未被探索。在此，我们制备了被甲基、甲氧基和硫甲基取代基取代的对称s-四嗪，并评估了它们的电化学性质、溶解度和循环稳定性。这些研究表明，高度可溶的 3,6-二甲氧基-四嗪经历可逆的单电子还原以产生稳定的( t _1/2 > 1240 h)自由基阴离子。当在实验室规模的对称流通池 (0.125 M) 中实施时，它在 50 个循环（17 小时）内表现出 8% 的相对缓慢的容量衰减。鉴于它们的高溶解度和循环稳定性，我们认为应该进一步探索s-四嗪衍生物用于非水氧化还原液流电池。

更新日期：2022-08-18

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