Polymeric and SiO₂ nanoparticles can be used as nanocarriers to improve the efficacy of pesticide delivery in agriculture. However, the environmental fate and potential risks of this type of nanopesticides in agroecosystems remain poorly understood. In this study, two separate active ingredients, azoxystrobin (AZOX) and bifenthrin (BFT), loaded into two different types of nanocarriers (Allosperse® polymeric nanoparticles and SiO₂ nanoparticles), were applied to strawberry plants under realistic field conditions over two growing seasons. The pesticide concentration profiles in soil and plant tissues, plant growth and soil microorganisms were compared among treatments. Although the encapsulation appeared to reduce retention of the active ingredients (AI) to the soils, few of the sensitive indicators of ecosystem health showed any differences when compared to controls. Bioaccumulation of the AI by the strawberry plants and fruit was similar for classical and nano-applications of the AI. No significant differences were observed among the conventional, nanopesticide or control treatments in terms of fruit mass, number of flowers and leaves, or biomass. None of the pesticide formulations appeared to systematically affect soil enzyme activity. Finally, the soil microbial composition (Shannon indices, Principal Coordinate Analysis plots) and function (soil enzyme activity) only showed some transient, initial effects due to the pesticides, but did not distinguish among formulations.

中文翻译：

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聚合物和二氧化硅基纳米农药对草莓和农业土壤潜在影响的现场评估

聚合物和SiO ₂纳米颗粒可用作纳米载体以提高农业中农药递送的功效。然而，这种类型的纳米农药在农业生态系统中的环境归宿和潜在风险仍然知之甚少。在这项研究中，将两种单独的活性成分嘧菌酯 (AZOX) 和联苯菊酯 (BFT) 加载到两种不同类型的纳米载体（Allosperse® 聚合物纳米颗粒和 SiO ₂纳米粒子），在两个生长季节的实际田间条件下应用于草莓植物。比较不同处理间土壤和植物组织、植物生长和土壤微生物中的农药浓度分布。尽管封装似乎减少了活性成分 (AI) 在土壤中的保留，但与对照相比，很少有生态系统健康的敏感指标显示出任何差异。草莓植物和水果对 AI 的生物积累与 AI 的经典和纳米应用相似。在果实质量、花叶数量或生物量方面，常规、纳米农药或对照处理之间没有观察到显着差异。没有一种农药制剂似乎系统地影响土壤酶活性。最后，