The life span of lithium batteries as energy storage devices is plagued by irreversible interfacial reactions between reactive anodes and electrolytes. Occurring on polycrystal surface, the reaction process is inevitably affected by the surface microstructure of anodes, of which the understanding is imperative but rarely touched. Here, the effect of grain boundary of lithium metal anodes on the reactions was investigated. The reactions preferentially occur at the grain boundary, resulting in intercrystalline reactions. An aluminum (Al)–based heteroatom-concentrated grain boundary (Al-HCGB), where Al atoms concentrate at grain boundary, was designed to inhibit the intercrystalline reactions. In particular, the scalable preparation of Al-HCGB was demonstrated, with which the cycling performance of a pouch cell (355 Wh kg −1 ) was significantly improved. This work opens a new avenue to explore the effect of the surface microstructure of anodes on the interfacial reaction process and provides an effective strategy to inhibit reactions between anodes and electrolytes for long–life-span practical lithium batteries.

中文翻译：

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抑制长循环锂电池负极与电解液的晶间反应

作为储能设备的锂电池的寿命受到活性阳极和电解质之间不可逆界面反应的困扰。发生在多晶表面，反应过程不可避免地受到阳极表面微观结构的影响，对此了解势在必行，但鲜有人涉足。在这里，研究了锂金属阳极的晶界对反应的影响。反应优先发生在晶界，导致晶间反应。铝 (Al) 基杂原子集中晶界 (Al-HCGB) 旨在抑制晶间反应，其中 Al 原子集中在晶界处。特别是，展示了 Al-HCGB 的可扩展制备，其中软包电池的循环性能（355 Wh kg−1) 得到显着改善。这项工作为探索负极表面微观结构对界面反应过程的影响开辟了一条新途径，并为长寿命实用锂电池提供了抑制负极与电解质之间反应的有效策略。