Temporary Labour Migration Programmes (TLMPs) are controversial because they are caught in a dilemma between global and domestic justice. From a global justice perspective, TLMPs expand opportunities for workers in poor countries to access labour markets of rich countries and they improve the situation of origin countries through remittances. From a domestic justice perspective, TLMPs violate principles of domestic equality because they always afford migrant workers more restricted rights than those enjoyed by citizens and long-term residents of the host country. Although this dilemma cannot be fully resolved, we argue that TLMPs can be morally justified and recommended if they are characterised by ‘fair representation’ in policy design and implementation and also meet certain democratic legitimacy conditions. TLMPs can be justified if they provide triple benefits for destination and origin countries as well as for migrants themselves, yet the relevant benefits can only be achieved cooperatively through transnational governance in which each of the three groups of actors is fairly represented. This conclusion is supported by our interpretation of the democratic principle of including all affected interests. Under such conditions, some rights of temporary migrant workers in host countries can be regarded as a legitimate outcome of negotiations, while others need to be fixed in advance under a democratic principle of equal protection of all subjected to the laws. Democratic legitimacy also requires that migrants enjoy protection and participation rights as citizens of their countries of origin as well as local citizenship in their countries of residence.

中文翻译：

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难以捉摸的三赢：通过公平代表解决临时劳务移民困境

临时劳务移民计划 (TLMP) 存在争议，因为它们陷入了全球正义与国内正义之间的两难境地。从全球正义的角度来看，TLMP 扩大了穷国工人进入富国劳动力市场的机会，并通过汇款改善了原籍国的状况。从国内正义的角度来看，TLMPs 违反了国内平等原则，因为它们总是赋予移民工人比东道国公民和长期居民所享有的权利更受限制的权利。尽管这一困境无法完全解决，但我们认为，如果 TLMP 在政策设计和实施中具有“公平代表”的特点，并且符合一定的民主合法性条件，则在道德上是合理的和值得推荐的。如果 TLMP 为目的地国和原籍国以及移民本身提供三重利益，则它们是合理的，但相关利益只能通过三类行为者中的每一个都得到公平代表的跨国治理来合作实现。这一结论得到了我们对包括所有受影响利益的民主原则的解释的支持。在这种情况下，临时移民在东道国的一些权利可以被视为谈判的合法结果，而另一些则需要在所有受法律保护的人平等保护的民主原则下事先确定。民主合法性还要求移民享有作为其原籍国公民的保护和参与权利以及在其居住国的当地公民身份。